Note: This is an exact copy of the UNIX man page for twm.
NAME
     twm - Tab Window Manager for the X Window System

SYNTAX
     twm [ -display dpy ] [ -s ] [ -f initfile ] [ -v ]

DESCRIPTION
     Twm is a window manager for the X Window  System.   It  pro-
     vides  titlebars,  shaped  windows,  several  forms  of icon
     management, user-defined macro functions, click-to-type  and
     pointer-driven  keyboard  focus,  and user-specified key and
     pointer button bindings.

     This program  is  usually  started  by  the  user's  session
     manager  or  startup  script.   When  used  from  xdm(1)  or
     xinit(1) without a session manager, twm is  frequently  exe-
     cuted  in  the foreground as the last client.  When run this
     way, exiting twm causes the session to be terminated  (i.e.,
     logged out).

     By  default,  application  windows  are  surrounded   by   a
     ``frame''  with  a  titlebar at the top and a special border
     around the window.  The titlebar contains the window's name,
     a  rectangle  that  is lit when the window is receiving key-
     board input, and function boxes known as ``titlebuttons'' at
     the left and right edges of the titlebar.

     Pressing  pointer  Button1  (usually  the  left-most  button
     unless  it  has  been changed with xmodmap) on a titlebutton
     will invoke the function associated with the button.  In the
     default interface, windows are iconified by clicking (press-
     ing and then immediately  releasing)  the  left  titlebutton
     (which  looks like a Dot).  Conversely, windows are deiconi-
     fied by clicking in the associated icon or entry in the icon
     manager (see description of the variable ShowIconManager and
     of the function f.showiconmgr).

     Windows are resized by pressing the right titlebutton (which
     resembles  a  group of nested squares), dragging the pointer
     over edge that is to be moved,  and  releasing  the  pointer
     when  the  outline of the window is the desired size.  Simi-
     larly, windows  are  moved  by  pressing  in  the  title  or
     highlight region, dragging a window outline to the new loca-
     tion, and then releasing when the outline is in the  desired
     position.   Just  clicking  in the title or highlight region
     raises the window without moving it.

     When new windows are created, twm will honor  any  size  and
     location  information requested by the user (usually through
     -geometry command line argument or resources for the indivi-
     dual  applications).  Otherwise,  an outline of the window's
     default size, its titlebar, and lines  dividing  the  window
     into  a  3x3  grid  that  track  the  pointer are displayed.
     Clicking pointer Button1 will position  the  window  at  the
     current  position  and  give  it the default size.  Pressing
     pointer Button2 (usually  the  middle  pointer  button)  and
     dragging  the outline will give the window its current posi-
     tion but allow the sides to be resized as  described  above.
     Clicking  pointer Button3 (usually the right pointer button)
     will give the window its current  position  but  attempt  to
     make it long enough to touch the bottom the screen.

OPTIONS
     Twm accepts the following command line options:

     -display dpy
             This option specifies the X server to use.

     -s      This option indicates that only the  default  screen
             (as specified by -display or by the DISPLAY environ-
             ment variable) should be managed.  By  default,  twm
             will attempt to manage all screens on the display.

     -f filename
             This option specifies the name of the  startup  file
             to  use.   By  default,  twm will look in the user's
             home directory for files named .twmrc.num (where num
             is a screen number) or .twmrc.

     -v      This option indicates that twm  should  print  error
             messages  whenever  an  unexpected  X Error event is
             received.  This can be useful when debugging  appli-
             cations but can be distracting in regular use.

CUSTOMIZATION
     Much of twm's appearance and behavior can be  controlled  by
     providing  a  startup file in one of the following locations
     (searched in order for each screen being  managed  when  twm
     begins):

     $HOME/.twmrc.screennumber
             The screennumber is a small positive number (e.g. 0,
             1,  etc.)  representing  the screen number (e.g. the
             last number  in  the  DISPLAY  environment  variable
             host:displaynum.screennum)  that  would  be  used to
             contact  that  screen  of  the  display.   This   is
             intended  for  displays  with  multiple  screens  of
             differing visual types.

     $HOME/.twmrc
             This is the usual  name  for  an  individual  user's
             startup file.

     <XRoot>/lib/X11/twm/system.twmrc
             If neither of the preceding  files  are  found,  twm
             will  look in this file for a default configuration.
             This is often tailored by the site administrator  to
             provide  convenient  menus  or familiar bindings for
             novice users.  <XRoot> refers to the root of the X11
             install tree.

     If no startup files are found, twm  will  use  the  built-in
     defaults  described above.  The only resource used by twm is
     bitmapFilePath for a colon-separated list of directories  to
     search  when looking for bitmap files (for more information,
     see the Athena Widgets manual and xrdb(1)).

     Twm startup files are logically broken up into  three  types
     of  specifications:   Variables, Bindings, Menus.  The Vari-
     ables section must come first and is used  to  describe  the
     fonts,  colors,  cursors,  border  widths,  icon  and window
     placement,  highlighting,  autoraising,  layout  of  titles,
     warping, use of the icon manager.  The Bindings section usu-
     ally comes second and is used to specify the functions  that
     should  be  to  be invoked when keyboard and pointer buttons
     are pressed in windows,  icons,  titles,  and  frames.   The
     Menus section gives any user-defined menus (containing func-
     tions to be invoked or commands to be executed).

     Variable names and keywords are  case-insensitive.   Strings
     must  be surrounded by double quote characters (e.g. "blue")
     and are case-sensitive.  A  pound  sign  (#)  outside  of  a
     string causes the remainder of the line in which the charac-
     ter appears to be treated as a comment.

VARIABLES
     Many of the aspects of twm's user interface  are  controlled
     by  variables  that  may  be set in the user's startup file.
     Some of the options are enabled or disabled  simply  by  the
     presence  of  a  particular  keyword.  Other options require
     keywords, numbers, strings, or lists of all of these.

     Lists are surrounded by braces and are usually separated  by
     whitespace or a newline.  For example:

          AutoRaise { "emacs" "XTerm" "Xmh" }

     or

          AutoRaise
          {
               "emacs"
               "XTerm"
               "Xmh"
          }

     When a variable containing a list  of  strings  representing
     windows  is  searched  (e.g.  to determine whether or not to
     enable autoraise as shown above), a string must be an exact,
     case-sensitive  match  to  the  window's  name (given by the
     WM_NAME window property), resource name or class name  (both
     given by the WM_CLASS window property).  The preceding exam-
     ple would enable autoraise on  windows  named  ``emacs''  as
     well as any xterm (since they are of class ``XTerm'') or xmh
     windows (which are of class ``Xmh'').

     String arguments that are interpreted as filenames (see  the
     Pixmaps,  Cursors, and IconDirectory below) will prepend the
     user's directory (specified by the  HOME  environment  vari-
     able)  if  the first character is a tilde (~).  If, instead,
     the first character is a colon (:), the name is  assumed  to
     refer to one of the internal bitmaps that are used to create
     the default titlebars  symbols:   :xlogo  or  :delete  (both
     refer  to  the  X logo), :dot or :iconify (both refer to the
     dot), :resize (the nested squares used by  the  resize  but-
     ton), :menu (a page with lines), and :question (the question
     mark used for non-existent bitmap files).

     The following variables may be specified at the top of a twm
     startup file.  Lists of Window name prefix strings are indi-
     cated by win-list.  Optional arguments are shown  in  square
     brackets:

     AutoRaise { win-list }
             This variable  specifies  a  list  of  windows  that
             should  automatically be raised whenever the pointer
             enters the window.  This action can be interactively
             enabled  or disabled on individual windows using the
             function f.autoraise.

     AutoRelativeResize
             This variable indicates that dragging out  a  window
             size  (either  when initially sizing the window with
             pointer Button2 or when resizing it) should not wait
             until  the  pointer  has  crossed  the window edges.
             Instead, moving the pointer automatically causes the
             nearest  edge  or  edges to move by the same amount.
             This allows the resizing of windows that extend  off
             the  edge  of  the screen.  If the pointer is in the
             center of the window, or if the resize is  begun  by
             pressing  a titlebutton, twm will still wait for the
             pointer  to  cross  a  window   edge   (to   prevent
             accidents).   This option is particularly useful for
             people who like  the  press-drag-release  method  of
             sweeping out window sizes.

     BorderColor string [{ wincolorlist }]
             This variable specifies the  default  color  of  the
             border  to  be  placed around all non-iconified win-
             dows, and may only be given within a  Color,  Grays-
             cale  or Monochrome list.  The optional wincolorlist
             specifies a list of window and color name pairs  for
             specifying  particular  border  colors for different
             types of windows.  For example:

                  BorderColor "gray50"
                  {
                       "XTerm"   "red"
                       "xmh"     "green"
                  }

             The default is "black".

     BorderTileBackground string [{ wincolorlist }]
             This variable specifies the default background color
             in  the  gray  pattern used in unhighlighted borders
             (only if NoHighlight hasn't been set), and may  only
             be  given  within  a  Color, Grayscale or Monochrome
             list.  The optional wincolorlist  allows  per-window
             colors to be specified.  The default  is "white".

     BorderTileForeground string [{ wincolorlist }]
             This variable specifies the default foreground color
             in  the  gray  pattern used in unhighlighted borders
             (only if NoHighlight hasn't been set), and may  only
             be  given  within  a  Color, Grayscale or Monochrome
             list.  The optional wincolorlist  allows  per-window
             colors to be specified.  The default is "black".

     BorderWidth pixels
             This variable specifies the width in pixels  of  the
             border  surrounding  all  client  window  frames  if
             ClientBorderWidth  has  not  been  specified.   This
             value is also used to set the border size of windows
             created by twm (such  as  the  icon  manager).   The
             default is 2.

     ButtonIndent pixels
             This  variable  specifies  the   amount   by   which
             titlebuttons should be indented on all sides.  Posi-
             tive values cause the buttons to be smaller than the
             window  text  and  highlight area so that they stand
             out.  Setting this  and  the  TitleButtonBorderWidth
             variables  to  0  makes  titlebuttons be as tall and
             wide as possible.  The default is 1.

     ClientBorderWidth
             This variable  indicates  that  border  width  of  a
             window's  frame  should be set to the initial border
             width of the window, rather than  to  the  value  of
             BorderWidth.

     Color { colors-list }
             This variable specifies a list of color  assignments
             to  be  made  if  the  default display is capable of
             displaying more than simple black  and  white.   The
             colors-list  is made up of the following color vari-
             ables and their values: DefaultBackground,  Default-
             Foreground,  MenuBackground,  MenuForeground,  Menu-
             TitleBackground,    MenuTitleForeground,    MenuSha-
             dowColor,  PointerForeground, and PointerBackground.
             The following color variables may also  be  given  a
             list  of  window  and color name pairs to allow per-
             window colors to be specified (see  BorderColor  for
             details): BorderColor, IconManagerHighlight, Border-
             TitleBackground,  BorderTitleForeground,  TitleBack-
             ground,  TitleForeground,  IconBackground, IconFore-
             ground, IconBorderColor, IconManagerBackground,  and
             IconManagerForeground.  For example:

                  Color
                  {
                       MenuBackground      "gray50"
                       MenuForeground      "blue"
                       BorderColor              "red" { "XTerm" "yellow" }
                       TitleForeground          "yellow"
                       TitleBackground          "blue"
                  }

             All of these color variables may also  be  specified
             for  the Monochrome variable, allowing the same ini-
             tialization file to be used on both color and  mono-
             chrome displays.

     ConstrainedMoveTime milliseconds
             This variable specifies the length of  time  between
             button  clicks  needed  to  begin a constrained move
             operation.  Double clicking within  this  amount  of
             time  when  invoking f.move will cause the window to
             be moved only in a horizontal or vertical direction.
             Setting  this  value  to  0 will disable constrained
             moves.  The default is 400 milliseconds.

     Cursors { cursor-list }
             This variable specifies the glyphs that  twm  should
             use for various pointer cursors.  Each cursor may be
             defined either from the cursor font or from two bit-
             map  files.   Shapes  from  the  cursor  font may be




             specified directly as:

                       cursorname     "string"

             where cursorname is one of the cursor  names  listed
             below, and string is the name of a glyph as found in
             the file  <XRoot>/include/X11/cursorfont.h  (without
             the ``XC_'' prefix).  If the cursor is to be defined
             from bitmap files,  the  following  syntax  is  used
             instead:

                       cursorname     "image"   "mask"

             The image and mask  strings  specify  the  names  of
             files  containing  the  glyph image and mask in bit-
             map(1) form.  The bitmap files are  located  in  the
             same  manner  as  icon  bitmap files.  The following
             example shows the default cursor definitions:

                  Cursors
                  {
                       Frame          "top_left_arrow"
                       Title          "top_left_arrow"
                       Icon      "top_left_arrow"
                       IconMgr   "top_left_arrow"
                       Move      "fleur"
                       Resize         "fleur"
                       Menu      "sb_left_arrow"
                       Button         "hand2"
                       Wait      "watch"
                       Select         "dot"
                       Destroy   "pirate"
                  }


     DecorateTransients
             This  variable  indicates  that  transient   windows
             (those   containing   a  WM_TRANSIENT_FOR  property)
             should have titlebars.  By default,  transients  are
             not reparented.

     DefaultBackground string
             This variable specifies the background color  to  be
             used   for  sizing  and  information  windows.   The
             default is "white".

     DefaultForeground string
             This variable specifies the foreground color  to  be
             used   for  sizing  and  information  windows.   The
             default is "black".

     DontIconifyByUnmapping { win-list }
             This variable  specifies  a  list  of  windows  that
             should not be iconified by simply unmapping the win-
             dow (as would be the case if IconifyByUnmapping  had
             been  set).   This  is frequently used to force some
             windows to be treated as icons while  other  windows
             are handled by the icon manager.

     DontMoveOff
             This variable indicates that windows should  not  be
             allowed to be moved off the screen.  It can be over-
             ridden by the f.forcemove function.

     DontSqueezeTitle [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that titlebars should not be
             squeezed  to  their  minimum size as described under
             SqueezeTitle below.  If the optional window list  is
             supplied,  only those windows will be prevented from
             being squeezed.

     ForceIcons
             This variable indicates that icon pixmaps  specified
             in  the  Icons  variable should override any client-
             supplied pixmaps.

     FramePadding pixels
             This variable specifies  the  distance  between  the
             titlebar  decorations  (the button and text) and the
             window frame.  The default is 2 pixels.

     Grayscale { colors }
             This variable specifies a list of color  assignments
             that  should  be  made if the screen has a GrayScale
             default visual.  See the description of Colors.

     IconBackground string [{ win-list }]
             This variable  specifies  the  background  color  of
             icons,  and may only be specified inside of a Color,
             Grayscale or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list
             is  a  list  of window names and colors so that per-
             window colors may be specified.  See the BorderColor
             variable for a complete description of the win-list.
             The default is "white".

     IconBorderColor string [{ win-list }]
             This variable specifies the color of the border used
             for  icon  windows, and may only be specified inside
             of a  Color,  Grayscale  or  Monochrome  list.   The
             optional  win-list  is  a  list  of window names and
             colors so that per-window colors may  be  specified.
             See the BorderColor variable for a complete descrip-
             tion of the win-list. The default is "black".

     IconBorderWidth pixels
             This variable specifies the width in pixels  of  the
             border surrounding icon windows.  The default is 2.

     IconDirectory string
             This variable specifies the directory that should be
             searched  if if a bitmap file cannot be found in any
             of the directories in the bitmapFilePath resource.

     IconFont string
             This variable specifies  the  font  to  be  used  to
             display  icon  names  within  icons.  The default is
             "variable".

     IconForeground string [{ win-list }]
             This variable specifies the foreground color  to  be
             used  when  displaying icons, and may only be speci-
             fied inside of  a  Color,  Grayscale  or  Monochrome
             list.   The  optional  win-list  is a list of window
             names and colors so that per-window  colors  may  be
             specified.   See the BorderColor variable for a com-
             plete description of the win-list.  The  default  is
             "black".

     IconifyByUnmapping [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that windows should be icon-
             ified  by  being  unmapped without trying to map any
             icons.  This assumes that the user  will  remap  the
             window  through the icon manager, the f.warpto func-
             tion, or the TwmWindows menu.  If the optional  win-
             list  is provided, only those windows will be iconi-
             fied by simply unmapping.  Windows  that  have  both
             this and the IconManagerDontShow options set may not
             be accessible if no binding to the  TwmWindows  menu
             is set in the user's startup file.

     IconManagerBackground string [{ win-list }]
             This variable specifies the background color to  use
             for  icon manager entries, and may only be specified
             inside of a Color,  Grayscale  or  Monochrome  list.
             The  optional win-list is a list of window names and
             colors so that per-window colors may  be  specified.
             See the BorderColor variable for a complete descrip-
             tion of the win-list.  The default is "white".

     IconManagerDontShow [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that the icon manager should
             not  display  any windows.  If the optional win-list
             is given, only those windows will not be  displayed.
             This  variable  is  used to prevent windows that are
             rarely iconified (such as xclock or xload) from tak-
             ing up space in the icon manager.

     IconManagerFont string
             This variable specifies the font  to  be  used  when
             displaying  icon  manager  entries.   The default is
             "variable".

     IconManagerForeground string [{ win-list }]
             This variable specifies the foreground color  to  be
             used  when  displaying icon manager entries, and may
             only be specified inside of a  Color,  Grayscale  or
             Monochrome list.  The optional win-list is a list of
             window names and colors so  that  per-window  colors
             may  be specified.  See the BorderColor variable for
             a complete description of the win-list.  The default
             is "black".

     IconManagerGeometry string [ columns ]
             This variable specifies the  geometry  of  the  icon
             manager  window.   The  string  argument is standard
             geometry specification that  indicates  the  initial
             full  size  of  the  icon manager.  The icon manager
             window is then broken into columns pieces and scaled
             according  to  the  number  of  entries  in the icon
             manager.  Extra entries are wrapped  to  form  addi-
             tional rows.  The default number of columns is 1.

     IconManagerHighlight string [{ win-list }]
             This variable specifies the border color to be  used
             when   highlighting  the  icon  manager  entry  that
             currently has the focus, and can only  be  specified
             inside  of  a  Color,  Grayscale or Monochrome list.
             The optional win-list is a list of window names  and
             colors  so  that per-window colors may be specified.
             See the BorderColor variable for a complete descrip-
             tion of the win-list.  The default is "black".

     IconManagers { iconmgr-list }
             This variable specifies a list of icon  managers  to
             create.   Each item in the iconmgr-list has the fol-
             lowing format:

                       "winname" ["iconname"]   "geometry" columns

             where winname is the name of the windows that should
             be  put into this icon manager, iconname is the name
             of that icon manager window's icon,  geometry  is  a
             standard  geometry specification, and columns is the
             number of columns in this icon manager as  described
             in IconManagerGeometry.  For example:

                  IconManagers
                  {
                       "XTerm"   "=300x5+800+5" 5
                       "myhost"  "=400x5+100+5" 2
                  }

             Clients whose name or class is ``XTerm''  will  have
             an  entry  created  in  the  ``XTerm'' icon manager.
             Clients whose name was ``myhost'' would be put  into
             the ``myhost'' icon manager.

     IconManagerShow { win-list }
             This variable  specifies  a  list  of  windows  that
             should  appear  in  the  icon manager.  When used in
             conjunction with the  IconManagerDontShow  variable,
             only  the  windows in this list will be shown in the
             icon manager.

     IconRegion geomstring vgrav hgrav gridwidth gridheight
             This variable specifies an area on the  root  window
             in  which icons are placed if no specific icon loca-
             tion is provided by the client.  The geomstring is a
             quoted string containing a standard geometry specif-
             ication.  If more  than  one  IconRegion  lines  are
             given,  icons  will  be put into the succeeding icon
             regions when the first is full.  The vgrav  argument
             should  be  either North or South and control and is
             used to control whether icons are  first  filled  in
             from  the  top  or bottom of the icon region.  Simi-
             larly, the hgrav argument should be either  East  or
             West  and is used to control whether icons should be
             filled in from left from the right.  Icons are  laid
             out within the region in a grid with cells gridwidth
             pixels wide and gridheight pixels high.

     Icons { win-list }
             This variable specifies a list of window  names  and
             the  bitmap  filenames  that should be used as their
             icons.  For example:

                  Icons
                  {
                       "XTerm"   "xterm.icon"
                       "xfd"          "xfd_icon"
                  }

             Windows that match ``XTerm'' and would not be iconi-
             fied  by  unmapping,  and  would try to use the icon
             bitmap in the file ``xterm.icon''.  If ForceIcons is
             specified,  this  bitmap  will  be  used even if the
             client has requested its own icon pixmap.

     InterpolateMenuColors
             This  variable  indicates  that  menu  entry  colors
             should   be  interpolated  between  entry  specified
             colors.  In the example below:

                  Menu "mymenu"
                  {
                       "Title"        ("black":"red")          f.title
                       "entry1"                 f.nop
                       "entry2"                 f.nop
                       "entry3"  ("white":"green")   f.nop
                       "entry4"                 f.nop
                       "entry5"  ("red":"white")          f.nop
                  }

             the foreground colors for ``entry1'' and  ``entry2''
             will  be  interpolated  between black and white, and
             the background colors between red and green.   Simi-
             larly,  the  foreground for ``entry4'' will be half-
             way between white and red, and the  background  will
             be half-way between green and white.

     MakeTitle { win-list }
             This variable specifies a list of windows on which a
             titlebar  should  be  placed  and is used to request
             titles on specific windows  when  NoTitle  has  been
             set.

     MaxWindowSize string
             This variable specifies  a  geometry  in  which  the
             width  and  height give the maximum size for a given
             window.  This is typically used to restrict  windows
             to  the  size  of  the screen.  The default width is
             32767 - screen width.  The default height is 32767 -
             screen height.

     MenuBackground string
             This variable specifies the  background  color  used
             for  menus,  and  can  only be specified inside of a
             Color or Monochrome list.  The default is "white".

     MenuFont string
             This  variable  specifies  the  font  to  use   when
             displaying menus.  The default is "variable".

     MenuForeground string
             This variable specifies the  foreground  color  used
             for  menus,  and  can  only be specified inside of a
             Color, Grayscale or Monochrome list.  The default is
             "black".

     MenuShadowColor string
             This variable specifies  the  color  of  the  shadow
             behind  pull-down  menus  and  can only be specified
             inside of a Color,  Grayscale  or  Monochrome  list.
             The default is "black".

     MenuTitleBackground string
             This variable specifies  the  background  color  for
             f.title  entries in menus, and can only be specified
             inside of a Color,  Grayscale  or  Monochrome  list.
             The default is "white".

     MenuTitleForeground string
             This variable specifies  the  foreground  color  for
             f.title  entries  in menus and can only be specified
             inside of a Color or Monochrome list.   The  default
             is "black".

     Monochrome { colors }
             This variable specifies a list of color  assignments
             that  should be made if the screen has a depth of 1.
             See the description of Colors.

     MoveDelta pixels
             This variable specifies the  number  of  pixels  the
             pointer  must move before the f.move function starts
             working.  Also see the  f.deltastop  function.   The
             default is zero pixels.

     NoBackingStore
             This variable indicates that twm's menus should  not
             request  backing  store  to  minimize  repainting of
             menus.  This is typically used with servers that can
             repaint faster than they can handle backing store.

     NoCaseSensitive
             This variable indicates that case should be  ignored
             when  sorting  icon  names in an icon manager.  This
             option is typically used with applications that cap-
             italize the first letter of their icon name.

     NoDefaults
             This variable indicates that twm should  not  supply
             the  default titlebuttons and bindings.  This option
             should only be used if the startup file  contains  a
             completely new set of bindings and definitions.

     NoGrabServer
             This variable indicates that twm should not grab the
             server  when popping up menus and moving opaque win-
             dows.

     NoHighlight [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that borders should  not  be
             highlighted  to  track  the location of the pointer.
             If the optional win-list is given, highlighting will
             only be disabled for those windows.  When the border
             is highlighted, it will be drawn in the current Bor-
             derColor.   When  the  border is not highlighted, it
             will be stippled  with  a  gray  pattern  using  the
             current   BorderTileForeground  and  BorderTileBack-
             ground colors.

     NoIconManagers
             This variable indicates that no icon manager  should
             be created.

     NoMenuShadows
             This variable indicates that menus should  not  have
             drop  shadows  drawn behind them.  This is typically
             used with slower servers since  it  speeds  up  menu
             drawing  at  the expense of making the menu slightly
             harder to read.

     NoRaiseOnDeiconify
             This  variable  indicates  that  windows  that   are
             deiconified should not be raised.

     NoRaiseOnMove
             This variable indicates that windows should  not  be
             raised  when moved.  This is typically used to allow
             windows to slide underneath each other.

     NoRaiseOnResize
             This variable indicates that windows should  not  be
             raised  when  resized.   This  is  typically used to
             allow windows to be resized underneath each other.

     NoRaiseOnWarp
             This variable indicates that windows should  not  be
             raised when the pointer is warped into them with the
             f.warpto function.  If this option is  set,  warping
             to an occluded window may result in the pointer end-
             ing up in the occluding window instead  the  desired
             window   (which   causes  unexpected  behavior  with
             f.warpring).

     NoSaveUnders
             This  variable  indicates  that  menus  should   not
             request  save-unders  to  minimize window repainting
             following menu selection.  It is typically used with
             displays  that can repaint faster than they can han-
             dle save-unders.

     NoStackMode [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that client window  requests
             to  change stacking order should be ignored.  If the
             optional win-list is given, only requests  on  those
             windows  will be ignored.  This is typically used to
             prevent applications from relentlessly popping them-
             selves to the front of the window stack.

     NoTitle [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that windows should not have
             titlebars.   If the optional win-list is given, only
             those windows will not  have  titlebars.   MakeTitle
             may  be  used with this option to force titlebars to
             be put on specific windows.

     NoTitleFocus
             This variable indicates that twm should not set key-
             board  input  focus to each window as it is entered.
             Normally, twm sets the focus so that focus  and  key
             events  from  the  titlebar  and  icon  managers are
             delivered to the application.   If  the  pointer  is
             moved  quickly and twm is slow to respond, input can
             be directed to the old window instead  of  the  new.
             This  option  is  typically  used  to  prevent  this
             ``input lag'' and  to  work  around  bugs  in  older
             applications that have problems with focus events.

     NoTitleHighlight [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that the highlight  area  of
             the  titlebar,  which is used to indicate the window
             that currently has the input focus,  should  not  be
             displayed.   If the optional win-list is given, only
             those windows will not have highlight  areas.   This
             and  the SqueezeTitle options can be set to substan-
             tially reduce the amount of screen space required by
             titlebars.

     OpaqueMove
             This variable indicates  that  the  f.move  function
             should  actually  move the window instead of just an
             outline so that the user can  immediately  see  what
             the window will look like in the new position.  This
             option is typically used on fast displays  (particu-
             larly if NoGrabServer is set).

     Pixmaps { pixmaps }
             This variable  specifies  a  list  of  pixmaps  that
             define the appearance of various images.  Each entry
             is a keyword indicating the pixmap to set,  followed
             by a string giving the name of the bitmap file.  The
             following pixmaps may be specified:

                  Pixmaps
                  {
                       TitleHighlight "gray1"
                  }

             The default for TitleHighlight is  to  use  an  even
             stipple pattern.

     Priority priority
             This variable sets twm's priority.  priority  should
             be  an  unquoted,  signed  number  (e.g. 999).  This
             variable has an effect only if the  server  supports
             the SYNC extension.

     RandomPlacement
             This variable indicates that windows with no  speci-
             fied  geometry  should  be placed in a pseudo-random
             location instead of having the user drag out an out-
             line.

     ResizeFont string
             This variable specifies the font to be used  for  in
             the  dimensions  window  when resizing windows.  The
             default is "fixed".

     RestartPreviousState
             This variable indicates that twm should  attempt  to
             use  the WM_STATE property on client windows to tell
             which windows should be iconified and  which  should
             be  left  visible.  This is typically used to try to
             regenerate the state that the screen was  in  before
             the previous window manager was shutdown.

     SaveColor { colors-list }
             This variable indicates a list of color  assignments
             to be stored as pixel values in the root window pro-
             perty _MIT_PRIORITY_COLORS.  Clients  may  elect  to
             preserve  these  values  when  installing  their own
             colormap.  Note that use of this mechanism is a  way
             an  for application to avoid the "technicolor" prob-
             lem, whereby useful screen objects  such  as  window
             borders and titlebars disappear when a programs cus-
             tom colors are installed by the window manager.  For
             example:

                  SaveColor
                  {
                          BorderColor
                          TitleBackground
                          TitleForeground
                          "red"
                          "green"
                          "blue"
                  }

             This would place on the root window 3  pixel  values
             for  borders  and  titlebars,  as  well as the three
             color strings, all taken from the default colormap.

     ShowIconManager
             This variable indicates that the icon manager window
             should  be  displayed  when  twm is started.  It can
             always be brought up using the  f.showiconmgr  func-
             tion.

     SortIconManager
             This variable indicates that  entries  in  the  icon
             manager  should be sorted alphabetically rather than
             by simply appending new windows to the end.

     SqueezeTitle [{ squeeze-list }]
             This variable indicates that twm should  attempt  to
             use  the  SHAPE  extension  to make titlebars occupy
             only as much screen space as they need, rather  than
             extending  all the way across the top of the window.
             The optional squeeze-list may be used to control the
             location  of  the squeezed titlebar along the top of
             the window.  It contains entries of the form:

                       "name"         justification  num  denom

             where name is a window name, justification is either
             left,  center,  or  right,  and  num  and  denom are
             numbers specifying a ratio giving the relative posi-
             tion  about  which  the  titlebar is justified.  The
             ratio is measured from left to right if the  numera-
             tor  is  positive, and right to left if negative.  A
             denominator of 0 indicates that the numerator should
             be  measured  in pixels.  For convenience, the ratio
             0/0 is the same as  1/2  for  center  and  -1/1  for
             right.  For example:

                  SqueezeTitle
                  {
                       "XTerm"   left      0    0
                       "xterm1"  left      1    3
                       "xterm2"  left      2    3
                       "oclock"  center         0    0
                       "emacs"   right          0    0
                  }

             The DontSqueezeTitle list can be used  to  turn  off
             squeezing on certain titles.

     StartIconified [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that client  windows  should
             initially be left as icons until explicitly deiconi-
             fied by the  user.   If  the  optional  win-list  is
             given,  only  those  windows will be started iconic.
             This is useful for programs that do not  support  an
             -iconic command line option or resource.

     TitleBackground string [{ win-list }]
             This variable specifies the background color used in
             titlebars,  and  may  only  be specified inside of a
             Color, Grayscale or Monochrome list.   The  optional
             win-list  is  a  list  of window names and colors so
             that  per-window  colors  may  be  specified.    The
             default is "white".

     TitleButtonBorderWidth pixels
             This variable specifies the width in pixels  of  the
             border  surrounding titlebuttons.  This is typically
             set to 0 to allow titlebuttons to take  up  as  much
             space  as  possible  and  to not have a border.  The
             default is 1.

     TitleFont string
             This variable specifies the  font  to  be  used  for
             displaying  window  names in titlebars.  The default
             is "variable".

     TitleForeground string [{ win-list }]
             This variable specifies the foreground color used in
             titlebars,  and  may  only  be specified inside of a
             Color, Grayscale or Monochrome list.   The  optional
             win-list  is  a  list  of window names and colors so
             that  per-window  colors  may  be  specified.    The
             default is "black".

     TitlePadding pixels
             This variable specifies  the  distance  between  the
             various  buttons,  text,  and highlight areas in the
             titlebar.  The default is 8 pixels.

     UnknownIcon string
             This variable specifies the  filename  of  a  bitmap
             file  to  be  used as the default icon.  This bitmap
             will be used as the icon of all clients which do not
             provide  an  icon  bitmap  and are not listed in the
             Icons list.

     UsePPosition string
             This variable specifies whether or  not  twm  should
             honor program-requested locations (given by the PPo-
             sition flag in the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property) in  the
             absence  of a user-specified position.  The argument
             string may have one of  three  values:   "off"  (the
             default)  indicating  that  twm  should  ignore  the
             program-supplied position, "on" indicating that  the
             position  should  be used, and "non-zero" indicating
             that the position should used if it  is  other  than
             (0,0).   The  latter  option is for working around a
             bug in older toolkits.

     WarpCursor [{ win-list }]
             This variable indicates that the pointer  should  be
             warped  into  windows when they are deiconified.  If
             the optional win-list is  given,  the  pointer  will
             only be warped when those windows are deiconified.

     WindowRing { win-list }
             This variable specifies  a  list  of  windows  along
             which the f.warpring function cycles.

     WarpUnmapped
             This variable indicates that the  f.warpto  function
             should    deiconify   any   iconified   windows   it
             encounters.  This is typically used to  make  a  key
             binding  that  will pop a particular window (such as
             xmh), no matter where it is.   The  default  is  for
             f.warpto to ignore iconified windows.

     XorValue number
             This variable specifies the value to use when  draw-
             ing  window  outlines for moving and resizing.  This
             should be set to a  value  that  will  result  in  a
             variety    of   of   distinguishable   colors   when
             exclusive-or'ed with the contents of the user's typ-
             ical screen.  Setting this variable to 1 often gives
             nice results  if  adjacent  colors  in  the  default
             colormap are distinct.  By default, twm will attempt
             to cause temporary lines to appear at  the  opposite
             end of the colormap from the graphics.

     Zoom [ count ]
             This variable  indicates  that  outlines  suggesting
             movement of a window to and from its iconified state
             should be displayed whenever a window  is  iconified
             or  deiconified.  The optional count argument speci-
             fies the  number  of  outlines  to  be  drawn.   The
             default count is 8.

     The following variables must be set  after  the  fonts  have
     been  assigned, so it is usually best to put them at the end
     of the variables or beginning of the bindings sections:

     DefaultFunction function
             This variable specifies the function to be  executed
             when  a key or button event is received for which no
             binding is provided.  This  is  typically  bound  to
             f.nop,  f.beep,  or  a menu containing window opera-
             tions.

     WindowFunction function
             This variable specifies the function to execute when
             a  window  is selected from the TwmWindows menu.  If
             this variable is not set, the window will be deicon-
             ified and raised.

BINDINGS
     After the desired variables have been set, functions may  be
     attached   titlebuttons   and   key   and  pointer  buttons.
     Titlebuttons may be added from the left or  right  side  and
     appear  in  the titlebar from left-to-right according to the
     order in which they are specified.  Key and  pointer  button
     bindings may be given in any order.

     Titlebuttons specifications must include  the  name  of  the
     pixmap  to  use  in  the  button  box and the function to be
     invoked when a pointer button is pressed within them:

          LeftTitleButton "bitmapname"  = function

     or

          RightTitleButton "bitmapname" = function

     The bitmapname may refer to one  of  the   built-in  bitmaps
     (which are scaled to match TitleFont) by using the appropri-
     ate colon-prefixed name described above.

     Key and pointer button specifications must give  the  modif-
     iers  that  must  be pressed, over which parts of the screen
     the pointer must be, and what function  is  to  be  invoked.
     Keys  are given as strings containing the appropriate keysym
     name; buttons are given as the keywords Button1-Button5:

          "FP1"          = modlist : context : function
          Button1   = modlist : context : function

     The modlist is any combination of the modifier names  shift,
     control,  lock, meta, mod1, mod2, mod3, mod4, or mod5 (which
     may be abbreviated as s, c,  l,  m,  m1,  m2,  m3,  m4,  m5,
     respectively)  separated  by a vertical bar (|).  Similarly,
     the context is any combination of window, title, icon, root,
     frame, iconmgr, their first letters (iconmgr abbreviation is
     m), or all, separated by a vertical bar.   The  function  is
     any  of  the  f. keywords described below.  For example, the
     default startup file contains the following bindings:

          Button1   =    : root         : f.menu "TwmWindows"
          Button1   = m  : window | icon     : f.function "move-or-lower"
          Button2   = m  : window | icon     : f.iconify
          Button3   = m  : window | icon     : f.function "move-or-raise"
          Button1   =    : title        : f.function "move-or-raise"
          Button2   =    : title        : f.raiselower
          Button1   =    : icon         : f.function "move-or-iconify"
          Button2   =    : icon         : f.iconify
          Button1   =    : iconmgr : f.iconify
          Button2   =    : iconmgr : f.iconify

     A user who wanted to be able to manipulate windows from  the
     keyboard could use the following bindings:

          "F1" =    : all          : f.iconify
          "F2" =    : all          : f.raiselower
          "F3" =    : all          : f.warpring "next"
          "F4" =    : all          : f.warpto "xmh"
          "F5" =    : all          : f.warpto "emacs"
          "F6" =    : all          : f.colormap "next"
          "F7" =    : all          : f.colormap "default"
          "F20"     =    : all          : f.warptoscreen "next"
          "Left"    = m  : all          : f.backiconmgr
          "Right"   = m | s   : all          : f.forwiconmgr
          "Up" = m  : all          : f.upiconmgr
          "Down"    = m | s   : all          : f.downiconmgr

     Twm provides many more window manipulation  primitives  than
     can  be  conveniently  stored in a titlebar, menu, or set of
     key bindings.  Although a small set of defaults are supplied
     (unless  the  NoDefaults is specified), most users will want
     to have their most common operations bound to key and button
     strokes.   To do this, twm associates names with each of the
     primitives and provides user-defined functions for  building
     higher  level primitives and menus for interactively select-
     ing among groups of functions.

     User-defined functions contain the name by  which  they  are
     referenced  in calls to f.function and a list of other func-
     tions to execute.  For example:

          Function "move-or-lower" { f.move f.deltastop f.lower }
          Function "move-or-raise" { f.move f.deltastop f.raise }
          Function "move-or-iconify"    { f.move f.deltastop f.iconify }
          Function "restore-colormap"   { f.colormap "default" f.lower }

     The function name must be used in f.function exactly  as  it
     appears in the function specification.

     In the descriptions  below,  if  the  function  is  said  to
     operate  on  the selected window, but is invoked from a root
     menu, the cursor will be changed to the  Select  cursor  and
     the next window to receive a button press will be chosen:

     ! string
             This is an abbreviation for f.exec string.

     f.autoraise
             This function toggles whether or  not  the  selected
             window  is  raised  whenever entered by the pointer.
             See the description of the variable AutoRaise.

     f.backiconmgr
             This function warps  the  pointer  to  the  previous
             column in the current icon manager, wrapping back to
             the previous row if necessary.

     f.beep  This function sounds the keyboard bell.

     f.bottomzoom
             This function is similar to the f.fullzoom function,
             but  resizes the window to fill only the bottom half
             of the screen.

     f.circledown
             This  function  lowers  the  top-most  window   that
             occludes another window.

     f.circleup
             This function raises the bottom-most window that  is
             occluded by another window.

     f.colormap string
             This function rotates the colormaps  (obtained  from
             the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property on the window) that
             twm will display when the pointer is in this window.
             The  argument  string  may have one of the following
             values: "next", "prev", and "default".  It should be
             noted  here  that in general, the installed colormap
             is determined by keyboard focus.  A  pointer  driven
             keyboard  focus will install a private colormap upon
             entry of the window owning the colormap.  Using  the
             click  to  type model, private colormaps will not be
             installed until the user presses a mouse  button  on
             the target window.

     f.deiconify
             This function deiconifies the selected  window.   If
             the  window is not an icon, this function does noth-
             ing.

     f.delete
             This function sends the WM_DELETE_WINDOW message  to
             the  selected  window  if the client application has
             requested it through the  WM_PROTOCOLS  window  pro-
             perty.   The  application  is supposed to respond to
             the message by removing the  indicated  window.   If
             the  window  has not requested WM_DELETE_WINDOW mes-
             sages, the keyboard bell  will  be  rung  indicating
             that  the  user should choose an alternative method.
             Note this is very  different  from  f.destroy.   The
             intent  here  is  to  delete  a  single window,  not
             necessarily the entire application.

     f.deltastop
             This function allows a user-defined function  to  be
             aborted  if  the  pointer  has  been moved more than
             MoveDelta pixels.  See the example definition  given
             for Function "move-or-raise" at the beginning of the
             section.

     f.destroy
             This function instructs the X server  to  close  the
             display  connection  of  the client that created the
             selected window.  This should only be used as a last
             resort  for shutting down runaway clients.  See also
             f.delete.

     f.downiconmgr
             This function warps the pointer to the next  row  in
             the  current  icon manger, wrapping to the beginning
             of the next column if necessary.

     f.exec string
             This function passes the argument string to  /bin/sh
             for  execution.   In  multiscreen  mode,  if  string
             starts a new X client without giving a display argu-
             ment,  the  client  will  appear  on the screen from
             which this function was invoked.

     f.focus This function toggles  the  keyboard  focus  of  the
             server  to  the  selected window, changing the focus
             rule  from  pointer-driven  if  necessary.   If  the
             selected  window  already was focused, this function
             executes an f.unfocus.

     f.forcemove
             This function is like f.move except that it  ignores
             the DontMoveOff variable.

     f.forwiconmgr
             This function warps the pointer to the  next  column
             in  the current icon manager, wrapping to the begin-
             ning of the next row if necessary.

     f.fullzoom
             This function resizes the  selected  window  to  the
             full size of the display or else restores the origi-
             nal size if the window was already zoomed.

     f.function string
             This function  executes  the  user-defined  function
             whose name is specified by the argument string.

     f.hbzoom
             This function is a synonym for f.bottomzoom.

     f.hideiconmgr
             This function unmaps the current icon manager.

     f.horizoom
             This variable is  similar  to  the  f.zoom  function
             except  that  the  selected window is resized to the
             full width of the display.

     f.htzoom
             This function is a synonym for f.topzoom.

     f.hzoom This function is a synonym for f.horizoom.

     f.iconify
             This function iconifies or deiconifies the  selected
             window or icon, respectively.

     f.identify
             This function displays a summary  of  the  name  and
             geometry of the selected window.  If the server sup-
             ports the SYNC extension, the priority of the client
             owning  the  window is also displayed.  Clicking the
             pointer or pressing a key in the window will dismiss
             it.

     f.lefticonmgr
             This function similar to f.backiconmgr  except  that
             wrapping does not change rows.

     f.leftzoom
             This variable is similar to the  f.bottomzoom  func-
             tion  but causes the selected window is only resized
             to the left half of the display.

     f.lower This function lowers the selected window.

     f.menu string
             This function invokes  the  menu  specified  by  the
             argument  string.   Cascaded  menus  may be built by
             nesting calls to f.menu.

     f.move  This function drags an outline of the selected  win-
             dow (or the window itself if the OpaqueMove variable
             is  set)  until  the  invoking  pointer  button   is
             released.  Double clicking within the number of mil-
             liseconds given  by  ConstrainedMoveTime  warps  the
             pointer  to  the center of the window and constrains
             the move to be either horizontal or vertical depend-
             ing on which grid line is crossed.  To abort a move,
             press another button before releasing the first but-
             ton.

     f.nexticonmgr
             This function warps the pointer  to  the  next  icon
             manager containing any windows on the current or any
             succeeding screen.

     f.nop   This function does nothing  and  is  typically  used
             with the DefaultFunction or WindowFunction variables
             or to introduce blank lines in menus.

     f.previconmgr
             This function warps the pointer to the previous icon
             manager  containing  any  windows  on the current or
             preceding screens.

     f.priority string
             This function sets the priority of the client owning
             the  selected  window  to  the  numeric value of the
             argument string, which should be a signed integer in
             double  quotes  (e.g. "999" ).  This function has an
             effect only if the server supports the  SYNC  exten-
             sion.

     f.quit  This function causes twm  to  restore  the  window's
             borders  and  exit.   If  twm  is  the  first client
             invoked from xdm,  this  will  result  in  a  server
             reset.

     f.raise This function raises the selected window.

     f.raiselower
             This function raises the selected window to the  top
             of  the stacking order if it is occluded by any win-
             dows, otherwise the window will be lowered.

     f.refresh
             This function causes all windows to be refreshed.

     f.resize
             This function displays an outline  of  the  selected
             window.   Crossing  a  border  (or setting AutoRela-
             tiveResize) will  cause  the  outline  to  begin  to
             rubber  band  until the invoking button is released.
             To abort  a  resize,  press  another  button  before
             releasing the first button.

     f.restart
             This function kills and restarts twm.

     f.righticonmgr
             This function is  similar  to  f.nexticonmgr  except
             that wrapping does not change rows.

     f.rightzoom
             This variable is similar to the  f.bottomzoom  func-
             tion except that the selected window is only resized
             to the right half of the display.

     f.saveyourself
             This function sends a WM_SAVEYOURSELF message to the
             selected  window  if it has requested the message in
             its  WM_PROTOCOLS  window  property.   Clients  that
             accept  this  message are supposed to checkpoint all
             state associated with  the  window  and  update  the
             WM_COMMAND  property  as specified in the ICCCM.  If
             the selected window has not selected for  this  mes-
             sage, the keyboard bell will be rung.

     f.showiconmgr
             This function maps the current icon manager.

     f.sorticonmgr
             This function sorts the entries in the current  icon
             manager  alphabetically.  See the variable SortIcon-
             Manager.

     f.title This function provides a centered, unselectable item
             in  a menu definition.  It should not be used in any
             other context.

     f.topzoom
             This variable is similar to the  f.bottomzoom  func-
             tion except that the selected window is only resized
             to the top half of the display.

     f.unfocus
             This function resets  the  focus  back  to  pointer-
             driven.   This  should be used when a focused window
             is no longer desired.

     f.upiconmgr
             This function warps the pointer to the previous  row
             in  the  current  icon manager, wrapping to the last
             row in the same column if necessary.

     f.vlzoom
             This function is a synonym for f.leftzoom.

     f.vrzoom
             This function is a synonym for f.rightzoom.

     f.warpring string
             This function warps the pointer to the next or  pre-
             vious  window  (as indicated by the argument string,
             which may be "next" or "prev") specified in the Win-
             dowRing variable.

     f.warpto string
             This function warps the pointer to the window  which
             has  a  name  or  class that matches string.  If the
             window is iconified, it will be deiconified  if  the
             variable WarpUnmapped is set or else ignored.

     f.warptoiconmgr string
             This function warps the pointer to the icon  manager
             entry  associated  with  the  window  containing the
             pointer in the icon manager specified by  the  argu-
             ment  string.   If  string  is  empty (i.e. ""), the
             current icon manager is chosen.

     f.warptoscreen string
             This function warps the pointer to the screen speci-
             fied by the argument string.  String may be a number
             (e.g. "0" or "1"), the word "next"  (indicating  the
             current  screen  plus 1, skipping over any unmanaged
             screens), the word "back"  (indicating  the  current
             screen   minus   1,   skipping  over  any  unmanaged
             screens), or the word "prev"  (indicating  the  last
             screen visited.

     f.winrefresh
             This function is similar to the  f.refresh  function
             except that only the selected window is refreshed.

     f.zoom  This function is similar to the f.fullzoom function,
             except that the only the height of the selected win-
             dow is changed.

MENUS
     Functions may be grouped and  interactively  selected  using
     pop-up  (when  bound to a pointer button) or pull-down (when
     associated with a titlebutton) menus.  Each menu  specifica-
     tion contains the name of the menu as it will be referred to
     by  f.menu,  optional  default  foreground  and   background
     colors, the list of item names and the functions they should
     invoke, and optional foreground and  background  colors  for
     individual items:

          Menu "menuname" [ ("deffore":"defback") ]
          {
               string1   [ ("fore1":"backn")]     function1
               string2   [ ("fore2":"backn")]     function2
                    .
                    .
                    .
               stringN   [ ("foreN":"backN")]     functionN
          }


     The menuname is case-sensitive.  The  optional  deffore  and
     defback  arguments  specify  the  foreground  and background
     colors used on a color display to  highlight  menu  entries.
     The string portion of each menu entry will be the text which
     will appear in the menu.  The optional fore and  back  argu-
     ments  specify  the  foreground and background colors of the
     menu entry when the pointer is  not  in  the  entry.   These
     colors will only be used on a color display.  The default is
     to use the colors specified by the MenuForeground and  Menu-
     Background  variables.   The  function  portion  of the menu
     entry is one of the functions,  including  any  user-defined
     functions, or additional menus.

     There is a special menu named TwmWindows which contains  the
     names  of  all  of  the  client  and  twm-supplied  windows.
     Selecting an entry will cause the WindowFunction to be  exe-
     cuted  on  that  window.  If WindowFunction hasn't been set,
     the window will be deiconified and raised.

ICONS
     Twm supports several different ways of  manipulating  iconi-
     fied  windows.  The common pixmap-and-text style may be laid
     out by hand or automatically arranged as  described  by  the
     IconRegion  variable.   In  addition,  a  terse grid of icon
     names, called an icon manager, provides a more efficient use
     of  screen  space  as  well as the ability to navigate among
     windows from the keyboard.

     An icon manager is a window that contains names of  selected
     or all windows currently on the display.  In addition to the
     window name, a small button using the default iconify symbol
     will be displayed to the left of the name when the window is
     iconified.  By default, clicking on an  entry  in  the  icon
     manager  performs f.iconify.  To change the actions taken in
     the icon manager, use the the iconmgr context when  specify-
     ing button and keyboard bindings.

     Moving the pointer into the icon manager also  directs  key-
     board  focus  to  the  indicated  window  (setting the focus
     explicitly or else sending synthetic events NoTitleFocus  is
     set).   Using  the f.upiconmgr, f.downiconmgr f.lefticonmgr,
     and f.righticonmgr functions, the input focus can be changed
     between windows directly from the keyboard.

BUGS
     The resource manager should have been used instead of all of
     the window lists.

     The IconRegion variable should take a list.

     Double clicking very fast to get the constrained move  func-
     tion  will  sometimes  cause the window to move, even though
     the pointer is not moved.

     If IconifyByUnmapping is on and windows are listed in  Icon-
     ManagerDontShow  but not in DontIconifyByUnmapping, they may
     be lost if they are iconified  and  no  bindings  to  f.menu
     "TwmWindows" or f.warpto are setup.

FILES
      $HOME/.twmrc.<screen number>
      $HOME/.twmrc
      <XRoot>/lib/X11/twm/system.twmrc

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     DISPLAY This variable is used to determine which X server to
             use.   It is also set during f.exec so that programs
             come up on the proper screen.

     HOME    This variable is used as the prefix for  files  that
             begin  with a tilde and for locating the twm startup
             file.

SEE ALSO
     X(1), Xserver(1), xdm(1), xrdb(1)

AUTHORS
     Tom LaStrange, Solbourne Computer; Jim Fulton, MIT X Consor-
     tium;  Steve Pitschke, Stardent Computer; Keith Packard, MIT
     X Consortium; Dave Sternlicht, MIT X Consortium; Dave Payne,
     Apple Computer.