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• Command-line FTP
• Graphical User Interface FTP programs
• FTP via an Internet Browser

Before we cover each of these methods please note the following:

• You may download (get) files from the MicroImages FTP server using any of the above methods.
• If you are a client and want to upload (put) files by command-line FTP, you need to first create a zip file containing your data and upload the zip file to the /pub/incoming directory. Do not create a subdirectory — if you do it will be empty due to security restrictions. After uploading the zip file notify us via email to MicroImages' technical support and include the name of the file.

Command-Line FTP for Beginners

Although command-line FTP is the hardest method to use, it is ubiquitous to the UNIX world and nearly so to the PC platform. This method is seldom seen implemented for the MacOS directly, unless a connection to a remote host is made first. Under UNIX, you may just type ftp at the command prompt to start the program that UNIX uses to transfer files. The same will probably be true if you are running some version of Windows.

A sample "anonymous" FTP session

To initiate a connection to our FTP server, type

	ftp ftp.microimages.com

After the normal waiting period (allow for Internet traffic) you should see something in the form of:

Connected to ftp.microimages.com.
220-====================================================
220-MicroImages FTP Server
220-All transfers are logged.
220-====================================================
220-
220 tnt FTP server (Version wu-2.4(2) Thu Dec 1 08:30:25 CST 1994) ready.
Name (ftp.microimages.com:csl): 

At the Name prompt, type anonymous and hit <return>, unless you have been directed otherwise by MicroImages. Then the server will prompt you for a password. Enter your entire email address as the password.

331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
Password:

After you enter your complete email address and hitting the <return> key, (if login was successful) the computer displays:

230-Welcome to the MicroImages FTP server.
230-If you are expecting something from us, look in /pub/outgoing
230-If you're sending us a file, cd to /pub/incoming for instructions
230-All transfers are logged.
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
ftp>

The last line on the screen is the new ftp> prompt. You are now logged in anonymously to MicroImages' FTP server in Lincoln, Nebraska USA. From here you may change directories, browse directories and download or upload files. If you are interested in transfering files, the first thing that you should do is type cd pub because all of the things that will be of interest to the FTP user are found below the /pub directory. If you type pwd the server tells you what directory you are in at any time. Typing ls will give you a listing of files in the current directory. 

The Command-Line: Basic steps

In a nutshell, here are some of the basic steps you will take to transfer a file to/from MicroImages.

1. Connect to the server and login anonymously

   ftp ftp.microimages.com
login: anonymous
password:jdoe@host.domain

2. Navigation Commands
   • ls
     To see what's in the current directory.
      
   • cd dirname
     To change your current directory to dirname.
      
   • pwd
     To tell what directory you're in now. (Think "print working directory.")
3. Directory Creation for Uploading files (in /pub/incoming only)
   • cd /pub/incoming
     Go to uploading area.
   • ls
     Make sure that there is no directory with the same name that you're going to use, so that you don't overwrite a pre-existing directory.
   • mkdir dirname
     Make a directory named dirname.
   • cd dirname
     Go to the directory you just created.
4. File Transfer Commands
   • binary
     Switch to binary file transfer mode. Transferring binary files in ASCII text tranfer mode will botch them. You can always type binary to make sure that you're in binary mode.
      
   • ascii
     Switch to ASCII text transfer mode. Do this only if you're sure that you're what you're transferring is a plain text file. The ASCII mode will alter the file as it transfers between the two machines so that newline, linefeed, and carriage return characters are correct on the destination machine. If you're not sure what kind of file you're dealing with, just use the binary mode to transfer files.
      
   • get remote_filename local_filename
     Download a file to your computer. remote_filename refers to a file already existing on the server, local_filename is the name under which you would like to save remote_filename on your computer.
     If you don't specify local_filename, the new copy on your machine has the same name as remote_filename. if you don't want to explicitly name the file you're downloading.
   • put local_filename remote_filename
     Upload a file to the server. local_filename refers to a file already existing on your computer, and remote_filename is the name under which you would like to save local_filename on the server. If you don't specify remote_filename, the new copy on the server has the same name as local_filename.
      
   • prompt
     This command toggles on/off the "interactive mode", i.e. if you want to transfer multiple files with one command and you're in interactive mode, ftp will ask you to confirm each transfer. If you want to transfer multiple files with one command and you're not in interactive mode, the files will be quietly transferred without ftp asking you to confirm each transfer. This is most useful in conjunction with the commands shown below.
   • mget filename_1 filename_2 ... filename_n
     Download all files specified. If you want to download all the files in the current working directory, type mget *. The * is called a wildcard character and matches each file.
      
   • mput filename_1 filename_2 ... filename_n
     Upload all files specified. If you want to upload all the files in the current working directory, type mput *. The * is called a wildcard character and matches each file.
5. Getting Help
   • help (no arguments) Generate a list of all available commands.
   • help command
     Basic information about what command does.
      
6. Closing, Quitting, Reconnecting
   • close
     To close the connection with the host
   • open hostname
     To open/reconnect to the host hostname.
   • bye
     To quit the FTP application. Typing bye while still connecting is a fast way to close your connection and quit the FTP application at the same time.
   • Please be sure to close your connection with the FTP server when you have finished. This frees up unused resources so that everyone can have better service.

Graphical User Interface FTP programs

Graphical interface programs are largely self-explanatory. Whether you're uploading or downloading files, you first need to make a connection. Your GUI FTP program will probably give you several fields to fill in, such as location, username, password, and destination directory. For location, enter ftp.microimages.com. Specify anonymous as the user name, and your full email address as the password. If you know the name of the directory that the files are in, you can specify that as well, in order to save time. Most GUI FTP programs allow point-and-click navigation of directories, which may make you wait for a new list each time you select to change a directory. The common way to download a file is to select it with the mouse, and click a button to initiate the download.

FTP by Internet Browser

If you want to upload a file to MicroImages using your browser, use this form.

Downloading files with a browser is as straightforward as following a link in an HTML document. If the URL refers to a file to download, you can download it by clicking on its hyperlink. Sometimes with certain browsers, however, when you follow an FTP link to attempt to download a file to your hard drive, the browser attempts to display the file in its window. This can happen if the file is a text file or if the file is in a binary format that the browser doesn't recognize. Should this happen, it is usually best to stop the browser from attempting to display the file (especially if it is a binary file) and to use whatever feature of the browser that allows you to "Save a link as" a file. (More info here.)

When downloading via Internet browser, you don't need to login, or worry about what mode the transfer is using--the browser handles these issues transparently. Here is the URL to browse MicroImages' FTP server directly: 

ftp://ftp.microimages.com/pub/