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Release of V4.80 TNT products| Product Code | Price to upgrade from TNTmips: | MIPS: | ||||
| V4.70 | V4.60 | V4.51 | V4.40 | V4.30 | any version | |
| D30 to D80 (Cds) | $250 | 450 | 600 | 700 | 750 | 750 |
| D30 to D80 (floppies) | $300 | 560 | 750 | 875 | 940 | 940 |
| M50 (replaces U45) | $250 | 450 | 600 | 700 | 750 | 750 |
| U100 | $450 | 800 | 1000 | 1200 | 1300 | |
| U200 | $780 | 1400 | 1875 | 2200 | 2350 | |
| U300 | $1030 | 1850 | 2475 | 2900 | 3100 | |
For all other nations:
| Product Code | Price to upgrade from TNTmips: | MIPS: | ||||
| V4.70 | V4.60 | V4.51 | V4.40 | V4.30 | any version | |
| D30 to D80 (Cds) | $300 | 560 | 750 | 875 | 940 | 940 |
| D30 to D80 (floppies) | $350 | 600 | 800 | 925 | 990 | 990 |
| M50 (replaces U45) | $300 | 560 | 750 | 875 | 940 | 940 |
| U100 | $500 | 850 | 1050 | 1250 | 1350 | |
| U200 | $830 | 1450 | 1925 | 2250 | 2400 | |
| U300 | $1080 | 1900 | 2525 | 2950 | 3150 | |
M50 is the new product code for the Apple Macintosh Mac OS 7.x versions and replaces their older designation as U45 for the Mac using A/UX.
Loading a full installation of TNTmips 4.8 onto your PC hard drive for Microsoft Windows 3.1 will require 88 megabytes with an additional 17 megabytes for the illustrations. The full install of the TNTmips 4.8 processes onto your PC hard drive for MSNT-I (Intel) will require 117 megabytes with an additional 17 megabytes for the illustrations. The full install of the TNTmips 4.8 processes onto your hard drive for MSNT-A (Alpha) will require just more than 127 megabytes with an additional 17 megabytes for the illustrations.
The full installation size, including illustrations, will vary for workstations depending upon the platform type as follows: Data General = 98 mb; Hewlett-Packard = 109 mb; Sun SPARCstation with Solaris 1.x = 100 mb; Sun SPARCstation with Solaris 2.x = 89 mb; SGI = 112 mb; DEC Ultrix = 108 mb; DEC OSF/1 = 108 mb; and IBM RS/6000 = 152 mb.
There are no V4.80 TNT products on these CD-ROMs for the Macintosh using A/UX. Since Apple has discontinued providing this version of UNIX for new platforms, MicroImages has discontinued developments for use with it. Those clients using the TNT products for the Macintosh platforms will be provided an automatic resumption of their quarterly upgrades with the new pending release of the TNT products for native operation under Mac OS 7.x.
As announced previously, those who purchased access and use of TNTsdk 4.7 (but not earlier versions) will now automatically receive quarterly upgrades at no extra subscription fee above that charged for TNTmips. Thus, if you have previously purchased TNTsdk 4.7, simply install it using the menu option provided as part of the normal installation process.
No special features were added to TNTsdk other than the quarterly improvements in existing functions and the additional functions.
All the applicable changes in the display program noted below are similarly available when TNTview 4.8 is installed.
The other significant activity for this product was the previous separate distribution to all subscribers of the final printed copy of the TNTview 4.7 manual.
The significant addition to this product is that when a multi-layer layout is viewed, a "Layer Controls" window will appear which allows the user to turn individual layers on or off. This works the same as the hidden layers concept for Display / 2-D described in more detail below.
MicroImages is now finally close to distributing the large, sample project files prepared from various data sources for the San Francisco area for use as test data by TNTmips users in prototype form. As has been previously noted, these project files and objects are also organized into a sample TNTatlas to promote this concept and product. All the descriptive material and software for this sampler are already available (except the Apple Mac versions) and MicroImages and several clients are currently testing beta versions of CDs.
A final draft copy of the manualette, for this CD sampler which will be inserted into the plastic box, is enclosed. It will be printed in red and black ink for this first prototype release. Also attached is a black and white reproduction of the color artwork to occur upon the CD. This prototype CD sampler will be mailed to all clients in about 3 weeks. After you have tested and commented upon the prototype version of the sampler, it will be reproduced again in final form and widely distributed as a promotional item.
All the software modifications needed to allow the creation of licensed versions of the TNTatlas software coupled or bonded to your Project Files have been completed. This "bonding kit" was needed by MicroImages in order to prepare the San Francisco sampler to demonstrate the concept of keyless, licensed, run-time versions of TNTatlas reproduced on a single CD for all platforms but sharing one common set of Project Files.
As described in more detail below, the DEC Alpha OSF/1 version of the TNT products has been completed and is provided on the V4.80 CDs. Thus it is possible for anyone who purchases a TNTdemo 4.8 to install and try this new version.
As has been noted above, the TNT products are no longer available for the Apple Macintosh for use via AU/X since Apple is not providing it for advanced platforms. Correspondingly, this version of the TNT products has now been omitted from the CDs for TNTdemo 4.8.
An equivalent of 1703 single-spaced printed pages of on-line documentation are included with V4.80. This is an increase of 207 pages over that supplied with V4.70. Seven last minute additional sections were completed for the newest features in V4.80 after the master disks were created for the reproduction process. Please note that MicroImages has upgraded its internal reproduction equipment and these printed materials are now of a better print quality, especially the illustrations. These 69 additional pages are included in supplemental, printed form as follows.
- More About Group Controls (14 pages)
- Scientific Calculator (3 pages)
- More About the Route Tool (5 pages)
- Decorrelation Stretching (8 pages)
- Multilingual Text Editor (21 pages)
- Adding Database Tables (12 pages)
- Priroda Lens Correction (6 pages)
Orders for TNT products (except TNTdemo) shipped since 15 September have included a printed copy of the current on-line manual. The 2-sided copy is not punched or bound since it is usually shipped outside the United States where a wide variety of hole punching and binding practices apply.
MicroImages will now be printing numerous copies of the on-line manual at the beginning of each quarter (they are already printed for V4.80). As a result, MicroImages will discontinue the practice of referring you to the local Kinko's copy center to purchase a printed copy of the TNTmips manual. Kinko's is now under contract to print manuals for MicroImages on a high speed Xerox printer / copy machine. The quality of the printing of these unbound, 2-sided documentation sets is better (especially for illustrations) than MicroImages' new copy equipment used to prepare the supplemental documentation sections enclosed. This results from the direct, electronic printing of each 1703 page set of documentation from disks provided to Kinko's by MicroImages.
The procedures, costs, shipping methods used, and so on for obtaining a printed copy of the V4.80 manuals are identical and equal to those for the quarterly or annual subscription to the current TNTmips release for a PC. A single shipment of a manual within the NAFTA area will be $250 including shipment by UPS or airmail. An annual subscription to 4 quarterly issues will be $800 prepaid including shipment. International customers may similarly purchase the manual at $300 per quarter prepaid with shipment only by air express or $1000 per year prepaid with air express shipping included.
Order forms for the quarterly / annual printed documentation subscriptions will subsequently be prepared and sent to all clients. Please try wherever possible to pay for the shipment of manuals via credit card to avoid high billing and collection cost for MicroImages which would eventually involve increasing the cost of this new service.
Yes, it is true that keeping a printed copy of the manual on hand quarterly will cost as much as the quarterly subscriptions to TNTmips for an Intel based PC. Printing, packing, handling, shipping, billing, collection, accounting, correspondence, and other related activities to provide this printed documentation are all labor intensive operations and account for the high cost. Thus, as always, MicroImages strongly recommends you consider becoming accustomed to using the on-line version of the TNTmips manual to take advantage of its cross-referencing features and to view the many illustrations in color. You are also reminded that you can directly print your own identical copies of the on-line manual from versions included on the CD in Microsoft Word format for both the PC and the Mac.
On 15 September MicroImages ceased shipping A Guide to Map and Image Processing with orders as it is out-of-print and out-of-date by not reflecting the user interface change to windows, and this caused new purchasers to complain. Thus the printed, current manual was substituted as it would take a year to upgrade the Guide. However, MicroImages is now considering reprinting additional copies of the current Guide and including it again with every shipment of TNT products including TNTdemo. The Guide still illustrates the generic concept of many features used in an integrated GIS, image processing, and CAD system. The Guide is also not that preoccupied with the interface and operation of software. Thus, perhaps with an appropriate disclaimer attached to the cover, it would still be useful to those who use the TNT products. Your opinion on this matter would be appreciated, but please note that MicroImages is not close to scheduling any rewrite of the Guide.
No significant features were added to MI/X during this quarter except those noted below to support Japanese and Chinese and their associated keyboard entry methods.
Fully complete and tested versions of TNTmips, TNTview, and TNTatlas for the DEC Alpha using OSF/1 are included on these V4.80 CD-ROMs for the TNT products. These are the first fully 64-bit implementations of the TNT products! Large floating point computational tasks are common in the GIS, image processing, CAD, map making and other TNT processes. Initial experience with TNT products has shown that the identical floating point processes of this nature execute 10 times faster on a entry level desktop DEC Alpha OSF/1 (150 MHz processor) based system compared to a similarly equipped desktop Pentium 90 MHz system.
As has been pointed out many times before, the code for TNT processes is identical and is simply compiled on each platform supported. Thus comparisons between machines are valid if the nature of the setup of the machines and tests are understood. Most workstations and Pentium based machines are not greatly different in results with the TNT products. However, the entry level DEC Alpha OSF/1 based product stands out well from all others and makes it worthwhile to take on the added headaches of a UNIX based platform.
Several companies (e.g. Aspen Computers) are currently delivering complete 275 MHz Alpha OSF/1 based desktop systems using OSF/1 (also NT) for less than $10,000 complete. With other chip and cache memory improvements, they improve performance over the basic DEC 150 MHz system by 3 times. These new machines should perform the buffer zone test and other TNT computational intense tasks at up to 30 times faster than the Pentium 90 MHz system.
As noted previously, prices for the OSF/1 version of the TNT products will be the same as for any of our other UNIX and workstation based products (for example, U100 = $10,000 and so on).
Apple Macintosh via System 7.x.
It was planned for the Apple Macintosh to be supported with the release of V4.80 of the TNT products. Alas, the preparation of this new version is taking longer than anticipated due to hidden complications which must be resolved step by step. For example, the internal file selection process used for all other platforms required replacement as Mac OS does not have paths as with all the other operating systems supported. Thus all the file selection routines were modified for all processes and systems (remember TNT products use a single set of code). This is only one of the numerous variations introduced by Mac OS, a totally different operating system.
As noted earlier, these new products will provide an identical X/Motif interface within a Mac window via an X server just as the TNT products operate within Microsoft Windows 3.1 and NT. Of course, the user interface within TNTmips and the other TNT products will be identical to that used on all the other platforms and the RVC file structure and resulting Project Files will be completely transparent and portable to any platform which uses them. At the present time MicroImages anticipates no differences in the way in which the Mac systems operate relative to the identical PC and Workstation products currently being shipped.
Two different X servers have been tested and found usable with the Mac version of the TNT products. One is the official Apple Mac-X server and the other is produced by WhitePines Inc. Both support full local client and remote server support. At present MicroImages is planning to supply one of these X servers with each TNTmips purchased. At some future date MicroImages might produce its own X server as it has with Microsoft Windows 3.1 and Microsoft NT. Current Mac users can employ any 8-, 16-, and 24-bit color and resolutions as supported by their display board and available memory. TNT products can use these same resolutions and colors via the X server with a Mac window set equal to or smaller than these equipment limitations. Mac users are also quite familiar with the using additional display boards and monitors and simply dragging a window out to a 2nd monitor or expanding it to fill both monitors. Since there are no resolution controls or limits set within this version of TNTmips, the Mac window containing the X window(s) can similarly be made to span as many color monitors as are available.
At the present time it is anticipated that MicroImages will begin internal and beta testing of the Mac OS version of the TNT products in about 2 weeks. Due to the substantial differences between Mac OS and other systems, each TNT process will need to be separately checked for the first release as was the case with the new V4.80 release for DEC OSF/1. At this time it appears that a checked version of the TNT products will be available for release on the V4.90 CD-ROMs in December for the Mac OS for System 7.x for both the Motorola 680xx and Power PC based systems.
Outstanding orders for this new version of the TNT will be filled as soon as possible. The current price for the existing Macintosh version of TNTmips is $5000 for any display resolution. Orders for the TNT products for the Mac OS are being received now at introductory prices. After these new products are shipped they may increase somewhat due to the requirement that MicroImages purchase and supply someone else's X server for each TNT product shipped. Revised prices will be announced as needed when these Mac OS products ship.
Revised instructions are attached for communicating with MicroImages via Internet. MicroImages is now routinely obtaining requests for assistance and sample data sets from clients and supplying corrected processes via Internet.
* Paragraphs or main sections preceded by this symbol "*" introduce significant new processes or features in existing processes which are released for the first time in TNTmips 4.8.
The screen width/height of your display can now be set via Support/Setup/Preferences... (for Windows 3.1 and NT only). Setting these screen parameters will let you display map materials to any specified scale if they have been calibrated to scale (via a cell size, scale, or georeference).
The method for specifying drives has been changed (Windows 3.1 and NT only). An option menu is now used for selecting the drive. As a result a set of "recently used" directories is retained to allow rapid movement between an often-used set of directories. This operation functions similarly to the equivalent feature in Word and several other Microsoft products. Also, when manually entering a directory path the drive designation may be specified as well. V4.70 did not allow the drive designation to be changed.
The amount of your free disk space available on the currently selected drive / filesystem now automatically shows on all file selection dialog boxes as well as in the Support/Maintenance/Project File and General File windows.
A new directory can also now be created via any and all file selection dialog boxes.
A "multi-copy" feature has been added which allows sub-objects to be quickly copied to multiple new "parent" objects. For example, a standard colormap sub-object can be rapidly duplicated among many rasters. Simply select the colormap and press "Multi-Copy ...". You will then be prompted for the rasters to copy the colormap too.
The file size and last modification date and time are now displayed in this process.
A new "Group Controls" window (accessed from the Group / Controls... menu) has been added to the display process. This simplifies the use of this powerful concept while providing a mechanism for adding new features. The new window replaces several options on the Group menu, as well as the Group Clipping window and the Placement Tool window. These changes are well documented and alterations, descriptions, and illustrations appear in the on-line documentation. The important descriptive sections are also provided in the enclosed printed supplemental documentation section entitled: More About Group Controls.
Groups may now be renamed. This makes complicated layouts easier to work with. Now if you assign descriptive names to your groups you can tell what they contain rather than having to keep notes or remember that Group 37 contains a scale bar.
The "Group Controls" window contains a "Match Layer Projection" button which when processed will set the projection of the group to the projection of the currently selected layer. In many instances you will find that the desired projection for your output is the same as that to which the input objects are georeferenced.
The "Group Controls" window contains a "Match Layer" button in the "Clipping" section which will set all clipping parameters to the projection extents determined for the currently selected layer. This allows easy clipping to a particular base layer defining the extent and boundaries of the layout or hardcopy desired.
The group size (in user-selected units) is always shown. Previously it appeared only in Map & Poster Layout.
In hardcopy mode the "At Scale" field on the Group Controls window will be the same as the output scale, and changing the scale value will change the output scale.
In the hardcopy mode, groups will be automatically attached to the page if no other selection is made. This allows adjustment of positions using the placement tool without first having to set attachments. This makes the user interface much more intuitive, and the previous approach confused many beginning users.
When the "Placement" tool is active you can now press the right mouse button in the view window to initiate a redraw.
Layers can now be "hidden" in the display process using the new Layer / Hide menu option. When a layer is hidden it will not be drawn, though it will continue to occupy "space" for view positioning purposes. Therefore hiding a layer will have no effect on the position of other layers in the view. When a layer is shown or "unhidden" it will be drawn immediately (on top of all other layers). The "hidden" state of a layer is saved with the "layout" so when a layout is restored or printed, the hidden layers will not appear. This feature is especially useful to speed up printing of a complex, many-layered map where you are working only to perfect features in a particular layer(s). Turning off other layers, whose rendering is already correct or will be dealt with later, will yield a much faster print or display of your changes and features currently being altered and developed.
This hide / show feature can also be useful in building HyperIndex stacks. A layout can now be created with a base map and a number of hidden layers as overlays. When the layout is used in TNTatlas, the hidden layers will not initially appear, but can be immediately added and viewed by showing or "unhiding" them as desired. Both hidden and visible layers will appear on the list of layers and can thus be toggled on and off. This provides functionality similar to the "V = Vector" key option in DOS MIPS, but is much more flexible as any layer type (i.e. object) can be hidden or unhidden at any time.
* Geographic Locking of Views.
When you are displaying more than one View window, they may now be "locked" together by geographic position, scale or both. Use the View / Position Lock and View / Scale Lock options to toggle this new feature on or off. The operation of this new feature is simple and thoroughly covered in the on-line documentation.
The general result of geographic locking is that when one of the locked views is zoomed and/or scrolled, all other locked views will be zoomed to the same scale and/or scrolled to the same center position. You may open, lock, and create as many views as you desire. This feature is very easily used with objects which have been georeferenced. However, since TNTmips allows you to specify an arbitrary rectilinear grid for objects which can be interrelated between objects, do not forget that you can also lock views of separate objects which have not been georeferenced. This powerful display feature can be used in many ways especially if you are using a fast machine, fast display board, and a display resolution of at least 1024 by 768 pixels.
For example, you could display the georeferenced color scan of a topographic map in one view and when you select a georeferenced satellite image for a second view, it will display with the same scale, map projection, and position so as to match the map. When you then alter the viewing parameters of one view (e.g., zoom and reposition the map) the second view (e.g. the image) can be automatically redisplayed to match.
Another use would be to display the same object or layout in both views locked by geographic position only and use one of the views for a zoom view of any size which automatically repositions with changes in the position of the primary view. Alternatively, you could set up a complex line map layered display over an image in one view and then create a much simpler second view of the same objects and area using different queries or the new hide/show layers feature.
Since you can display two or more different images which have been georeferenced separately and scroll, pan, and zoom them in tandem, this is a partial step in the completion of a feature for viewing and controlling the viewing of stereo images on screen with the Cyberscope or a mirror stereo scope. A Quick Stereo Select window was planned for V4.80 but didn't make the CD-ROMs. This new selection window will make it easy to select nominally georeferenced right and left stereo images or an orthophoto and its orthophoto mate. It will then open two views containing these images in an initial estimated default stereo viewing position (areas, separation, scale, etc.) and condition for the particular viewing device. The stereo image view can then be scrolled, panned, etc. in tandem for interpreting areas of the images.
For vector, CAD, and database table (pinmap) objects the options for viewing that object are now "remembered" as a default for the next time that object is used. This includes all selection and styling options, queries, etc. For this feature to be used, you must have write permission on the RVC file containing the object. This also makes the "Quick-Add" feature much more useful for vector and CAD objects.
Database table (pinmap) displays can now show text labels for the "pins" using either a single selected field from the table or a query expression. If the query is used multi-line labels can be generated. The labels will be drawn at the upper right of the symbol. Additional positioning control in positioning the labels will be provided as requested. At the present time no effort is made to resolve overlapping labels so they may overlap each other.
The database table display controls dialog has been redesigned to allow for the use of labels. In addition, the field selection has been changed to use a pop-up list instead of an option menu. This eliminates the problem of having too many fields to fit on the display screen.
A color sample page of labeled pin maps is attached.
The stream data portrayed in blue is from the DLG sample vector object provided for the Crow Butte map quadrangle. The histogram bars of mineral concentrations at sample points in the streams is pin mapped from attributes which were made up and attached to the streams in the vector object. The bar colors, sizes, labels, label offsets, label color, and so on were established by the query shown on the reverse. These color prints were prepared on the excellent HP 1200C printer which is now available via national chains such as Best Buy and Office Depot at $1400. The prints were prepared at a rate of 2 per minute (independent of ink used) on regular copy paper at a total cost about equal to that of printing the same illustration on a black and white laser printer.
Layouts designed for producing hardcopy on printers, plotters, and film recorders will default to hardcopy mode when loaded in the display process. All layouts loaded in Map & Poster Layout will default to hardcopy mode.
3D vector objects now display properly without use of an elevation raster for reference if the contain Z-values for vertices. This provides for proper drawing of vector and CAD objects in parallel or perspective view.
Management of the entry and rendering of 2-byte Unicode encoded characters in Map and Poster Layout and for other TNT processes required the creation of new character string entry functions. It also requires recognizing and using the character entry method supplied and installed with the operating system for each language supported. These and related modifications were undertaken this quarter by completely rewriting the MicroImages text editor and adding these additional characteristics into it. This text editor is used to prepare blocks of 1- or 2-byte text for use in TNTmips processes such as Map and Poster Layout. This activity also required the creation of keyboard entry support and string handling changes in MI/X and elsewhere where single line text entry is to support 1- and 2-byte languages.
V4.80 provides a completely new, interactive multilingual text editor replacing the simple V4.70 text editor. The new editor is still available via Support / Text File Editor. Details on the use and operation of this editor are provided in the enclosed printed supplemental documentation section entitled: Multilingual Text Editor. This editor is not yet fully available for UNIX workstations as their keyboard entry methods are not yet supported.
This text editor is an extensive modification of a public domain editor available for use with Motif. It is interactive and mouse controlled as with other popular editors. The editor utilizes bit mapped fonts as is the case with most X interface components (not MicroImages *.OF or outline fonts). It can read and write files in any of the following encodings: JIS, Shift-JIS, EUC, ISO-2022, Unicode, and plain ASCII. Use the "Encoding ..." button on the file selector to specify which of these language encoding schemes was used on any text files created outside this editor and which you wish to edit. There are several *.BDF and *.PCF bit mapped fonts automatically installed by the TNT products for use in this editor including fonts for Russian, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Chinese, and others. The bit mapped fonts installed automatically for use in this editor are ISO 8859-1, ISO 8859-2, up to ISO 8859-9 (e.g. ISO 8859-5 is Russian) for the 1-byte languages; JIS0208 for Japanese; and GB-2312 for Chinese. The font for the language you want is automatically selected to be that needed for the language you have selected to use in Microsoft Windows. For example, while running the Japanese version of Microsoft Windows 3.1 (J-MSW3.1) you can automatically switch to German from English by using the Window Control Panel.
The new editor has the ability to select and show glyphs or characters in all languages currently supported and is a more of a complete "what you see is what you get" (WYSIWYG) editor.
The languages currently handled by this editor include all 1-byte character based languages which do not use special rendering algorithms. It will support data entry and use of those languages such as Russian and others which use the upper 128 codes in the 8-bit single character range as well as English and others using the lower 128 codes. Also supported are those languages which extend this to a 2-byte encoding system where simply a larger set of glyphs are available. These languages include Japanese, Chinese (both Republic of China and the Peoples Republic of China), and Korean and their derivatives. Fonts for these languages contain English characters, Arabic numbers, and other similar symbols and characters in the normal positions in the first 256 positions. Their additional 7,000 to 12,000 glyphs or ideograms are then encoded elsewhere in the additional 2-byte or 64,000 positions.
Languages not supported at this time are those which require special rendering or drawing requirements. For example Thai has only 48 consonants and 18 vowels, but also has 4 tone marks and 5 special marks which composite with the regular characters like diacritical marks (2 levels above and 1 below) depending upon the context and use of the regular character within the word. Arabic and Farsi require rendering and related procedures which are recursive in nature (characters join in ways depending upon what is adjacent to what). Hebrew and other 1-byte right to left languages are more readily added by providing support for their keyboard entry methods, but will require their users to enter characters in reverse order until Motif 2.0 is reliable and then integrated into the TNT products.
You can readily mix languages within a line of text in the new editor. For example you can mix English and Russian in a text line by pressing both shift keys to toggle between these language's keyboard definitions. Similarly the toggle between Japanese and English using the ALT and ' and for Chinese / English you use both control keys. These are the keyboard sequences used by Microsoft in these language's versions of Windows 3.1 to switch language keyboard entry methods.
TTFTOTNT font utility translates TrueType described fonts into MicroImages outline fonts (*.OF) for use within TNTmips processes which render characters (e.g., Map and Poster Layout or the object editors). This utility also recognizes, reads, and translates the encoding of the font being imported into the 2-byte Unicode international standard encoding being used by Microsoft, Apple, Sun, and others in their operating systems and application products.
TTFTOTNT has been modified to translate the currently popular Shift-JIS Japanese 2-byte character encoding scheme used with TrueType into standard Unicode when converting from TrueType to *.OF. Similarly TTFTOTNT will translate 2-byte Chinese TrueType fonts from Big-5 (used in ROC) and Simplified (used in PRC) into Unicode in the *.OF format.
TrueType 2-byte fonts are naturally much larger than the 1-byte versions with which most are familiar. You will find that after importation, the *.OF font is about 5 times larger than the original TrueType font due to the less compact nature of MicroImages' outline font (*.OF) format which contains outlines of the glyphs compared to the TrueType glyph which uses descriptions. A single Japanese and Chinese outline Unicode font (*.OF) has been created in this fashion. They are only installed if you specially request via the menu during the installation of TNTmips. They are
JAPAN1.OF at 10,813,440 bytes
(Source: MSMINCHO.TTF from Japanese Windows 3.1)
CHINA1.OF at 13,946,880 bytes
(Source: SIMHEI.TTF from Simplified (PRC) Chinese Windows 3.1)
To compensate for the large font size, which would require several minutes to load, the function used within TNT processes to buffer the outlines of glyphs has been altered to cache the character so that it loads the font in 256 character pages as needed. Only a single 256 byte page is required for English and other 1-byte fonts so this does not change their access times. Each time a character is requested the single 256 character page which contains that character is loaded and held in memory. As more characters are requested, all the popular pages become resident in memory. Thus the larger fonts are loaded in small pieces (pages) spreading the loading time out and significantly reducing the impact if only a few annotation characters are needed.
It is important to understand that the text entry methods for the new multilingual editor and the single text string entry methods used your interaction with X windows does not use the *.OF fonts. MI/X, the editor, and other entry processes use bit mapped *.PCF and *.BDF fonts. These bitmapped fonts are smaller, rapidly loaded, and non-scaleable and thus the entry and review of multilingual text is as fast as the keyboard 2-byte entry method will allow. The *.OF fonts are used only directly within TNT processes which render and rescale characters on output products (on prints or within View windows) such as for annotating features, displaying legends, displaying feature labels, pin map labels, and so on. Since these processes take time to execute anyway, the impact of the longer loading time of the larger 2-byte *.OF fonts is not particularly noticeable within these processes.
It is planned at a future date to modify the TNT processes so that they use and render TrueType fonts directly with Unicode encoding or as translated in real time from other encoding schemes using look-up tables. This will allow direct use of TrueType, render even more attractive glyphs, and reduce font file size. However, this is of secondary importance at this time compared to other pending language management alterations in all TNT processes to use Unicode and *.OF and since a workable scheme is in place.
Significant effort went into modifying this process to create annotations with 2-byte fonts. In addition to the creation of the Multilingual Text Editor outlined above, this was the first process to be converted to partial multilingual use. The results of this effort can be summed up by saying that if you're running Japanese or Chinese Microsoft Windows 3.1, their text entry methods for Japanese and Chinese will work in the text entry dialog for text layers in Display 2D / Map and Poster Layout. Upon redraw, the annotations placed in the View window will show in Japanese or Chinese as well as in the printed map which results. This process provides the same font size and style controls (bold, enhanced, italics, and so on) with 1- or 2- byte languages that were previously provided for 1-byte languages (English, Russian, German, and so on).
As yet feature and element labels generated from attached attributes tables can not be rendered in Japanese and Chinese. Thus the element labels (Cu, Pb, and Zn) on the attached pin map illustration can not yet be automatically generated with 2-byte fonts. Support of 2-byte labeling is underway now and requires solving such new problems as the management, searching, and matching of 2-byte character entries in database fields.
A sample Japanese image map of Mount Fuji and surrounding urban and rural areas is attached to illustrate the results which can now be achieved. The image was provided by OpenGIS in Tokyo via a sample CD prepared and distributed by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) to illustrate several optical and RADAR image types. The image shows a portion of a Landsat TM image downloaded by the Japanese tracking station. Band 4 is rendered in this black and white laser print. The sample image was georeferenced using 4 of the 1/200,000 standard topographic map quadrangles provided by OpenGIS. V4.80 of Map and Poster Layout was then used on a PC via Windows 3.1 to annotate the interior features in both Japanese and English as well as create the title and the legends.
If you have multiple records attached to a vector element, a query on that element will only check only the first attached record. So the query:
TABLE.FIELD == "something"
will find all elements in which the first attached record from TABLE has the value "something" in FIELD. If the first attached record does not contain "something" the element will not be selected, even if it has other records from the same table that contain the value "something".
* The new query:
"something" in TABLE[*].FIELD
will select the element if any of the attached records contain the value "something". In this query, TABLE[*].FIELD is a list of all values in FIELD from the records of TABLE attached to the current element. If the field is numeric, this can also be passed to any of the Set functions. For example:
SetMean(Well[*].DEPTH) > 500
* There is also a new Set function
SetNum( )
which will return the number of things in the set, counting multiple occurrences multiple times. For example:
SetNum(WELL[*].DEPTH)
will return the number of records attached to the current element from the WELL table. SetNum( ) is different from SetVariety( ) which returns the number of unique values. For example:
SetNum(20, 30, 30) will return 3
SetVariety(20, 30, 30) will return 2
The raster color conversion process now allows hue to be in range (0 to 255) so that it can be color enhanced in the display process.
The control point file can now be saved to a text file. This feature was previously available only in DOS MIPS.
You can now override the default null cell value for the output rasters in cases where the input rasters do not have a null value set.
Importing and Exporting Rasters.
The EOSAT TM Fast Format can now be imported directly from 8mm tape under Microsoft Windows 3.1 for those with the tape support feature [product T7].
SPOT imagery can similarly be imported directly from fast file format on 8 mm tape or files downloaded from tape, or from CD-ROM.
RVC project files can now be linked directly to SPOT and EOSAT Fast Format data on CD-ROM with access to all needed header data, just as if it were imported. This allows all TNT processes to display and copy these images and subsections from the CD-ROM. However, remember that the rasters on CD-ROM are not in tiled format and thus you will benefit by subsequently copying them onto a hard drive for more rapid access in extensive processing activities.
A new color enhancement technique has been added which uses the steps of principal component analysis, modification of the components, taking the inverse, and then displaying the resulting components in color. The operation of this new feature is provided in printed form as the supplemental documentation section entitled: Decorrelation Stretching.
Explanations of the concepts incorporated in this enhancement process are summarized in the following paragraphs extracted from remote sensing reference sources.
"Another modification of PCT is called decorrelation stretch and considered highly useful in processing correlated multidimensional image data. It involves the following steps: (1) a principal component transformation, (2) followed by a contrast equalization by Gaussian stretch, so that histograms of all principal components approximate a Gaussian distribution of a specified variance, resulting in 3-D composite histogram of a spherical symmetric 3-D Gaussian type, (3) next, a co-ordinate transformation that is the inverse of the principal component rotation to project data in the original space. The inverting operation has the advantage of restoring basic spectral relationships. The decorrelation-stretched images can be used as components for making color composites."
Abstracted from the book Remote Sensing Geology. Chapter on Image Enhancement. by Ravi P. Gupta. Springer-Verlag Publisher. date not known. pages 203 to 206.
"The most powerful means of stretching contrast is principal component analysis, which is an essential part of the decorrelation process involved. Images where different principal components are represented by red, green, and blue are often confusing. Although they discriminate subtle differences very well, the colors are not clearly related to different types of surface. This can be overcome and the advantages of the analysis exploited by transforming the components back to the domain of the original variables. The transformation involves using the original eigenvector matrix of the principal component analysis with its rows transposed with the columns. The eigenvectors are used as weighting for each principal component in their arithmetic combination to reproduce the original bands. Displaying the manipulated original variables conventionally in RGB color space retains the 'normal' color appearance of the image, but maximizes the spectral separability of different surface types."
Abstracted from the book entitled Image Interpretation in Geology. Section 5.4 Principal component analysis. by S. A. Drury. date not known. pages 131 to 148.
Also for more information see the paper Color Enhancement of Highly Correlated Images. I. Decorrelation and HSI contrast stretches. by Alan Gillespie, Anne B. Kahle, and Richard E. Walker. Remote Sensing of Environment 20:109-235. 1986.
Importing Arc/Info E00 format.
During the last quarter clients have occasionally encountered Arc/Info *.E00 files which could not be imported. These difficulties arise from files which contain conditions not yet encountered in any test files previously provided to MicroImages. As has been noted previously, MicroImages does not have specifications for this *.E00 format and is reverse engineering this format as we encounter variants in it not yet accounted for. The V4.80 process handles all known cases. If you should encounter an *.E00 file which will not import, please forward that file to MicroImages to receive back a revised version of the process to accommodate it.
The process for copying raster objects now copies null values.
This process was expanded so that all boundary options are now available: clip to specified boundary or extent, clip to last node outside of boundary, or clip to first node outside the boundary.
Numerous minor improvements were made in both of these processes. However, not all problems were resolved due to the complex and older nature of this code and a coding structure and approach which dates back to DOS MIPS. As a result, as noted earlier, these two processes are scheduled for a substantial rewrite to include new and advanced features.
This rewrite will commence with the release of V4.80 but will not be complete until after the first of the year (not for V4.90). The new single replacement process will be called the TNT Object Editor and will incorporate the existing features of the edit CAD and edit vector process. It will enable the loading of mixed objects and then the interactive selection of any object element for editing. The new editor will be recoded in modular form from the many functions created for various other TNT processes.
* Buffer Zones.
Repeating Earlier Tests. This process has again been completely rewritten for this quarterly release. It now has high reliability and has a significant increase in execution speed over V4.70. The user interface has also been improved to make it more logical. The process also provides better control over the selection and use of attributes, for example, you can now elect to reassign attributes for polygons, lines, points.
V4.60 was reported to be several times faster than V4.50 and 20 times faster than the same process in DOS MIPS V3.33. The attached table for the same Lancaster County test data shows the improvements in V4.80 relative to these previous versions. V4.80 is now 2 to 20 times faster on exactly the same 60 MHz Pentium platform than V4.70 and hundreds of times faster than V4.51, with the greatest gains being made in more lengthy complex application of the process. The relative better performance is because some of the original test data sets selected 6 months ago now execute so fast on the same test machine so as to produce meaningless comparisons between versions.
It is again suggested that in interpreting these results that the most significance be placed on the comparisons of the relative times. All Pentium 586 tests were conducted on the same Gateway 2000 model 586/66 just as received from the factory which is taken as the base unit of performance and time. Numbers in parenthesis in tables represent the increase in speed on the specific processor of V4.80 relative the earlier version noted. For example the (98X) indicates that V4.80 was 98 times faster than V4.60 on this base 586/66. Adjacent numbers such as the 2056 all represent the actual time in seconds to complete these tests. Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was used for all tests on 586 and 486 machines.
New Test Results. These small original tests using the Lancaster County TIGER hydrology and street vector objects now take only about 10 to 20 seconds on various fast machines tested. Thus, these times no longer illustrate computational differences but depend upon the variation in reading and writing of the objects from the drive and transferring them over the bus. This is obvious from the fact that a much faster machine, such as the DEC Alpha via OSF/1, showed only minor improvements (2X) in total performance. This minor difference was due to its use of DEC's 100 megabytes per second TurboBUS when compared with the 32 megabytes per second PCI bus of a Pentium based machine.
To overcome these limitations a new and much larger vector object was imported from the Digital Chart of the World containing the hydrology layer for a 5 by 5 degree area centered on San Francisco. Computing buffer zones for this vector object using V4.80 takes long enough to illustrate the computational performance differences between the faster state-of-the-art desktop machines (see attached table). This same hydrology vector object will be available on the San Francisco TNTatlas CD-ROM which will be distributed to all clients shortly. Thus you will be able to try this new buffer zone test for yourself to compare the performance of your system to those listed in the new table provided.
Challenge. Tests have now been made where an identical set of TIGER hydrology data for a different county has been used to compute similar buffer zones using Arc/Info on a workstation and TNTmips on the standard 586/66. MicroImages is pleased to repeat the report that the V4.80 process you now have is faster on the 586/66 PC than their workstation based product.
During the last couple of quarters MicroImages, by rewriting and applying improved buffer and programming techniques, has made major speed increases in the buffer zone, route tracing, 1:1 raster display, and printing processes with meaningful increases in vector validation and other utility processes . Other time consuming processes will be subjected to similar improvements in future quarters. For example, the display of subsampled images will be improved by the creation of a raster pyramiding concept within the RVC Project File and the functions which use it.
Overall, these new fast processes exceed the performance of similar processes of our GIS and image processing competitor's products (if they even have the feature)! Clients should now identify those time consuming processes within TNTmips which are significantly slower in operation than those of a competitor on a comparable computer platform. MicroImages will then schedule them for careful examination and revision to try to exceed the performance of that competitor.
The route tool in Display 2D can now solve the traveling salesperson application. Any number of visit points, or way points can be selected. Details on the use and operation of this feature are not included here as they are provided in the enclosed printed supplemental documentation section entitled: More About the Route Tool.
A new easier and quicker method of selecting nodes was also introduced into this process. Simply select the node you want to set or change in the route window, then click near the node in the Display 2D Window.
A <close> button was added which will "unhighlight" any route in the Display 2D Window and close the window. This is much easier than having to select another tool in the Tool Menu to close this process.
The next additions to this process will allow you to completely control the
flow through nodes, as well as setting a different weight or
"impedance" through a node as a function of direction, and to control
one-directional lines.
New Image Printers/Plotters Supported
The Epson Stylus color ink jet printer is now supported via a parallel port. It prints at 360 and 720 dots-per-inch for a page of 8.5 x 11 inches and requires TNT product P3. It requires a special paper to produce good results at the 720 dpi resolution. While inexpensive and high resolution, this Epson printer is very slow for printing full color images.
The HP 560C color ink jet printer is now supported via a parallel port. The model 560C prints at 300 dots-per-inch for a page of 8.5 x 11 inches or A4-size (210 x 297 mm) and requires TNT product P3. While inexpensive, this HP printer is slow for printing full color images.
HP Color LaserJet [Model C3099A].
MicroImages has just received this new color printer. Since it comes equipped standard with Postscript and a parallel port, it can be used immediately with those TNTmips systems equipped with the appropriate printer support feature (product P8). MicroImages will also immediately add direct, non-Postscript support for this new color printer for this parallel port (via product P10). Using this direct support will provide faster color printing than via Postscript. If you need this new direct support driver before the shipment of V4.90, please contact technical support services to obtain an early copy. Sample prints produced by TNTmips on this printer will be included with the next MicroImages client mailing.
No new scanners were supported during this quarter.
New Price and Reference Materials
Increase in International Subscriptions.
As announced several months ago, an increase in price will become effective for any new subscription or upgrade ordered for TNTmips effective with this release of V4.80. Any subscription which has already been will continue to be filled as placed without additional charge until completed.
The cost of new annual subscriptions to be shipped to destinations outside the United States, Canada, or Mexico for a PC based system is $1000 per 4 quarters (up from $800) and $1700 for a workstation based single user system (up from $1500). This additional charge for international annual subscriptions will be used to ship all these quarterly upgrades for V4.90 and later via air express instead of air mail. Over the last few years MicroImages has learned by experience that air mail is not a reliable, rapid way to deliver our products and causes MicroImages and its clients considerable grief and problems.
Many international clients are already paying MicroImages extra for air express shipment of their upgrades and thus will pay no more with this increase than they currently do. Others will find the increased cost of concern, but it is hoped you will understand its necessity. MicroImages will be requesting bids from popular international air express carriers (DHL, UPS, and FEDEX) for this service. At present we do not know which carrier will be selected for this new service. Delivery of TNT products to addresses within the United States, Canada, and Mexico will continue to be made via United Parcel Service by ground service or air mail.
Effective immediately the printer support feature P15 will no longer be included in the optional support features bundled with the workstation products such as U100.
Exclusive International Representatives
MicroImages welcomed several new representatives during the last quarter.
MicroImages' products will now be exclusively available in Bolivia from GeoPlus; Calle Sucre 617; Casilla Correo 4134; Santa Cruz; voice (591)334-5027; FAX (591)336-4583; and please ask for the manager: Rafael Arias-Paz. GeoPlus was recently organized by several former long-time professionals of the Bolivian state petroleum company (YPFB) and other remote sensing specialists. GeoPlus is focused upon in the application of image processing, GIS, map making, and other related technologies in the collection and analysis of geoinformation in South America. GeoPlus starts off with a base of 4 TNTmips systems in place in Bolivia for use in the oil and gas service industry and in the offices of the municipal government of the capital of La Paz.
MicroImages' products will now be available from Citradata Intersystem, PT; Jl. Rawamangun Muka Raya No. 1M; Jakarta 13220; voice (6221)489-6883; FAX (6221)489-8881; and please ask for their Director: Eko Refia Iswantioro. Citradata is a well established firm of 20 professionals already conducting consulting and software services in GIS, IPS, AM/FM, and other spatial data analysis and visualization as well as designing and installing computer systems and networks. Citradata will supply the commercial TNT products as well as custom software, installation, training, project design, consulting, data preparation, and related services from their offices in Jakarta. Citradata is also a reseller for Silicon Graphics, Compaq, and a variety of other peripheral equipment manufacturers.
MicroImages' products will now be exclusively available from the Geological Survey of Finland (GSF); Betonimiehenkuja 4; Espoo 02150; voice (358)046-932487; FAX (358)046-2205; ask for Pentti Ruokokoski in the Information Management Department. GSF is one of the leading geoinformation organizations in Europe with a permanent staff of more than 800 involved in all aspects of geological services, nature conservation, environmental studies, construction, land use planning, and other interdisciplinary activities. GSF will also market the TNT products in the Baltic and other Nordic nations. GSF will supply TNT products exclusively and will also focus its internationally renowned skills on assisting its clients in the design, implementation and conduct of map making, GIS, image processing, and other spatial data management projects.
Peru.
As noted previously, CHASKY has been appointed as our new Representative in Peru.
The current NAFTA Resellers list is enclosed for your reference and files.
Archaeological Mapping Specialists (AMS) located in Lincoln is the latest NAFTA reseller for the products of MicroImages. Chris Dore and LuAnn Wandsnider operate this new firm and can be located at PO Box 80105, Lincoln, NE 68501-0105, voice (402)473-7978, and FAX (402)476-7074. Chris will be remembered by some clients as a former writer for MicroImages Press. AMS will specialize in contracting for the collection of archaeological data and its organization and analysis with GIS systems. AMS will also focus upon assisting professionals in archaeology and related professions in establishing and applying GIS systems in their own field work.
There were no staff additions at MicroImages during the last quarter.
Selecting a Small Format Color Scanner.
Top-Quality Scanners. If you want to save money by bringing your prepress work in-house, then one of these scanners is for you. by Bruce Fraser. 1994. MacUser, 10(11): 82-91.
Selecting a Low Cost Color Printer.
Color Printers. Five Ink Jet Printer that Let You Colorize Your Work. by Lori Grunin. 25 October 1994. PC Magazine, 13(18):37-39.
Papers referencing work using MicroImages Products.
Radar Remote Sensing of Forest and Wetland Ecosystems in Central American Tropics. by Kevin O. Pope, Jose M. Rey-Benayas, and Jack Paris. in Remote Sensing of Environment. 48:205-219. 1994. published by Elsevier Science Inc., 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010. pages 205 to 209.
Identification of Central Kenyan Rift Valley Fever Virus Vector Habitats with Landsat TM and Evaluation of Their Flooding Status with Airborne Imaging Radar. by K.O. Pope, E.J. Sheffner, K.J. Linthicum, C.L. Bailey, T.M. Logan, E.S. Kasischke, K. Birney, A.R. Njogu, C.R. Roberts. in Remote Sensing of Environment 40:185-196. 1992. published by Elsevier Science Inc., 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010. pages 185 to 196.
Remote Sensing of Tropical Wetlands for Malaria Control in Chiapas, Mexico. by Kevin O. Pope, Eliska Rejmankova, Harry Savage, Juan I. Arredondo-Jimenez, Mario H. Rodriguez, and Donald Roberts. in Ecological Applications 4(1):81-90. 1994. published by the Ecological Society of America. pages 81 to 90.
Assessment of Crop Stress Conditions Using Low Altitude Aerial Color-infrared Photography and Computer Image Processing. by P.S. Fouche and N.W. Booysen. in Geocarto International 9(2): 25-31. 1994. published by Geocarto International Centre, G.P.O. Box 4122, Hong Kong. pages 25-31.
All the following comments were reported for the use of V4.70 unless otherwise noted.
From an International Representative.
"We received the disc [CD-ROM] of TNTmips V4.80ß and it works fine. If seems all the errors that we reported are corrected, thanks."
From an experienced U.S. client (transcribed from verbal statement).
He reported that he had just visited one of his sites where TNTmips was being run on a Silicon Graphics Indy II. Then the same key, as a test, was moved to a new Dell Pentium 586/90 and they saw no appreciable difference in speed. When questioned about the comparison between the responsiveness of the user interface he also reported that no comparative delays or differences were noted. [This points out again that if you use a fast, state-of-the-art display board for your Microsoft Windows based machine, that MI/X adds no unusual delays when compared with a native X Window System operating on a Silicon Graphics Indy II].
From a NAFTA Reseller.
"While running a TNTmips demo on a Pentium 90 with 64 MB of RAM and a 4 MB video card displaying 40-50 megabyte Russian Satellite images I heard the following from the audience behind me: He is making our workstation look bad with that Pentium" [The workstation referred to was a Sun running a well known competitor's software.]
From an International Representative.
"We left [a city] at 11:00 pm and drove to [another city] in two vans. We reached the [an army base] at 3:00 am and then we installed our system our Sun and two PC486s, a Scanjet IIC, and HP 650C at the hall and finished at 5:00 am. At 9:30 am we began our demonstration. There were 25 officers that participated in this mission: Directors of Intelligence Division, Civil Affairs Division, Staff Division, Information Division [all were of the colonel level] sat in the demo all THREE hours. My demo was perfect - all Directors were interested in our systems so much as they saw how to input [by scanning] and process and output to the printer and they raised many interesting questions to me."
From a new client in natural resources area.
"Enclosed please find the TNTdemo software license key used by [client's name] for TNTmips 30 day evaluation. We appreciated the opportunity to give TNTmips a thorough evaluation to determine how well TNTmips would fit our needs. You will be happy to know that [client's name] has decided to go ahead and purchase TNTmips, and we placed an order today through [a reseller's name]. It is our understanding that we will be credited the evaluation fee for returning our TNTdemo key."
"We would like it known that [salesman's name] did an outstanding job of introducing, marketing, and offering any customer support to us during our product evaluation. He found solutions for every concern we had and it was a pleasure to do business with."
"Likewise, we have been impressed with and appreciate the help of all the technical support staff at MicroImages, Inc., including yourself. Thank you for your assistance over the past months."
From an experienced U.S. client.
"Installed the fix for vector copy lines by element. It corrected the application error when trying to use zoom box or slide. Works great! Appreciate the prompt response! Thanks."
From an experienced U.S. client.
"While on my trip to [another nation] I had trouble with the hard drive on my portable. So I simply ran off the CD-ROM on the PCs on the desks of the various groups I was visiting. Within 5 minutes I had made the necessary modifications to their Microsoft Windows setups and was immediately running TNTmips V4.80ß."
From a new client in the geologic area.
"We hereby confirm reception of the TNTmips package sent to us by service of UPS, which arrived yesterday. You amazed us again with the speed of delivery."
From an International Representative.
"In general the system is seen as fast, with some comparisons with our Sun LX showing the Pentium to be faster by a factor of 2." [Pentium used was a 586/66]
Advanced Users' Workshop 7 (AUW7)
MicroImages 7th annual Advanced Users' Workshop is scheduled for the icy cold days of the Nebraska winter for January 24, 25, 26, and 27, 1995. As in the past, MicroImages will be unable to accommodate visitors at its office on the Monday of 23 January when we are busy preparing for this workshop. More information on AUW7 will be provided to you shortly.
A preliminary copy of a new color folded flier covering the TNT products is enclosed. The master for this color flier has been taken to the commercial printer today. Those who would like copies of this flier for distribution at a symposium, meeting, course, or similar activity should let MicroImages know after you receive a final copy in a couple of weeks. Anyone with such an activity about to occur should contact MicroImages immediately to check on the deliver date.
This flier has a perforated, "tear off" panel to request a free sample TNTatlas CD of San Francisco and the more detailed brochures for each TNT product. The opposite side of this panel is a self mailer.
The standard TNTmips brochure has just gone "out-of-stock" and will shortly be revised slightly and reprinted with a new, full color cover. Until this reprinting is received, information requests will be filled with black and white copies of the current brochure. Comprehensive, illustrated brochures for the TNT products have also been printed for routine distribution in Russian, Japanese, Chinese, and Spanish by the corresponding MicroImages Representatives.
Advertisements of TNT products have appeared in about 15 different publications in the last quarter. MicroImages now advertises in GIS oriented publications in Australia, Hong Kong, and Europe. Representatives also place advertisements in Russia and other nations. MicroImages plans to gradually continue to expand this low key advertising campaign using low-cost, black and white adverts that directly target the price and features of the TNT products as compared to those of the competition.
Sabbatical to work with GIS specialists in Human Sciences Research Council (HRSC) to further their knowledge of spatial analysis in socio-economic and demographic arenas. Also would present several workshops and short courses during year for other researchers in South Africa. Applicant with relevant academic background should be recognized in field of GIS with years of practical experience. Contact Craig Schwabe, GIS Unit, Human Sciences Research Council, P.O. Box 17302, Congella, Durban, South Africa 4013, phone (031)815-970, FAX (031)812-040, email CAS@DURBAN.HRSC.AC.ZA.
| 25 March 2009 |
page update: 5 Jan 12 |
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